Used Street Legal Dirt Bikes: Types, Key Features, and How It Is Applied in Engineering

Types of Used Street-Legal Dirt Bikes

A street-legal dirt bike combines the rugged off-road capabilities of a motocross or trail bike with the necessary components and certifications to legally ride on public roads. These versatile machines are ideal for riders who want adventure both on and off the pavement. Whether you're commuting through city traffic, exploring backcountry trails, or embarking on long-distance journeys, there's a type of street-legal dirt bike suited to your riding style.

Below is a comprehensive breakdown of the most common types of used street-legal dirt bikes, including their key features, strengths, ideal use cases, and considerations for buyers.

Dual-Sport Bikes

Balancing off-road prowess with on-road practicality, dual-sport bikes are designed for true versatility. Built with durable frames, long-travel suspension, and knobby tires, they handle rugged trails with ease while also featuring lights, mirrors, turn signals, and DOT-approved tires for street legality.

Advantages

• Excellent off-road capability
• Fully street legal with proper registration
• Lightweight and agile
• Ideal for trail-to-pavement transitions
• Good fuel efficiency and range

Limitations

• Basic comfort on long highway rides
• Limited wind protection
• Sparse amenities (minimal storage, no advanced electronics)

Best for: Riders who split time between trails and paved roads, weekend adventurers, forest service roads, and backcountry exploration

Enduro Bikes

Enduro models are performance-oriented off-road bikes modified for limited street use. Designed for endurance racing and technical terrain, they offer powerful engines, advanced suspension, and lightweight handling, with added components to meet road regulations.

Advantages

• High-performance engines (often 4-stroke)
• Superior suspension for rough terrain
• Lightweight chassis for agility
• Excellent power-to-weight ratio
• Designed for long-distance off-road riding

Limitations

• Less comfortable on extended highway rides
• Higher maintenance demands
• Potentially higher cost for premium models
• Aggressive riding position may not suit all riders

Best for: Experienced riders seeking off-road performance with occasional street commuting or rally-style adventures

Adventure Motorcycles

Often called the "SUVs of the motorcycle world," adventure bikes blend long-distance touring comfort with serious off-road ability. These bikes are built for global exploration, featuring large fuel tanks, upright riding positions, advanced electronics, and rugged construction.

Advantages

• Exceptional long-distance comfort
• Large fuel capacity for extended range
• Advanced rider aids (traction control, ride modes, ABS)
• Strong engines with smooth power delivery
• Capable of handling both gravel roads and highways

Limitations

• Heavier and less agile off-road
• Higher purchase and maintenance costs
• Can be intimidating for new riders
• Less nimble on tight single-track trails

Best for: Long-distance touring, cross-country trips, mixed-surface routes, and riders who value comfort and technology

Off-Road Competition Bikes

Originally designed for motocross or cross-country racing, some competition bikes are modified post-race to become street-legal. These high-performance machines feature race-tuned suspensions, powerful engines, and lightweight frames built for extreme terrain.

Advantages

• Top-tier off-road performance
• High horsepower and responsive handling
• Advanced suspension systems (e.g., Öhlins, Showa)
• Agile and precise control on technical trails
• Highly customizable

Limitations

• Stiff suspension can be uncomfortable on pavement
• Limited street equipment unless modified
• Shorter service intervals due to hard use
• Not ideal for daily commuting or long highway rides

Best for: Skilled riders who prioritize off-road dominance and are willing to compromise on street comfort

Electric Models

With growing environmental awareness and advancements in battery technology, electric street-legal dirt bikes are gaining popularity. These zero-emission machines deliver instant torque, quiet operation, and low maintenance, making them ideal for eco-conscious riders and urban environments.

Advantages

• Zero tailpipe emissions
• Near-silent operation
• Low maintenance (no oil changes, fewer moving parts)
• Instant torque for quick acceleration
• Eligible for green vehicle incentives in some regions

Limitations

• Shorter range compared to gas bikes
• Longer charging times
• Higher upfront cost
• Limited charging infrastructure in rural areas
• Heavier due to battery packs

Best for: Urban commuters, environmentally conscious riders, noise-sensitive areas, and short off-road excursions

Midsize and Small Bikes

Perfect for beginners or riders in congested areas, smaller displacement street-legal dirt bikes offer manageable power, lighter weight, and excellent maneuverability. These models are increasingly being offered with full road compliance, making them accessible entry points into dual-sport riding.

Advantages

• Easy to handle and control
• Lower seat height for shorter riders
• Fuel-efficient and economical
• Great for learning off-road skills
• Excellent in stop-and-go traffic

Limitations

• Limited power for highway overtaking or steep climbs
• Not suited for two-up riding or heavy loads
• Smaller fuel tank = shorter range
• Fewer advanced features on budget models

Best for: New riders, urban environments, training, and light trail use

Expert Tip: When buying a used street-legal dirt bike, always verify that it has a valid VIN, proper registration, and all required road equipment (lights, mirrors, horn, DOT tires). Consider having a pre-purchase inspection by a qualified mechanic to assess suspension, engine health, and frame integrity—especially for off-road models that may have endured hard use.

Function, Features & Design of Used Street-Legal Dirt Bikes

Used street-legal dirt bikes are versatile machines that blend the rugged performance of off-road motorcycles with the necessary compliance for public road use. Designed for dual-purpose functionality, these bikes serve urban commuters, weekend trail riders, and adventure enthusiasts alike. Their engineering balances agility, durability, and safety, making them ideal for navigating city streets, backroads, and unpaved trails.

Core Functions of Street-Legal Dirt Bikes

Street-legal dirt bikes are engineered to perform reliably across diverse environments. Their key functions ensure rider control, safety, and adaptability to both on-road and off-road conditions.

Advanced Braking System

Equipped with hydraulic disc brakes on both front and rear wheels, these bikes deliver consistent and responsive stopping power in all conditions—wet pavement, loose gravel, or muddy trails. Unlike drum brakes, hydraulic systems offer superior modulation and heat dissipation, reducing brake fade during prolonged use. This ensures riders can stop safely whether navigating tight city traffic or descending steep off-road slopes.

High-Performance Suspension

The suspension system is one of the most critical components, combining telescopic front forks filled with damping oil and high-pressure nitrogen gas with rear monoshock or dual-shock setups. This design absorbs impacts from rough terrain while maintaining stability at higher speeds on paved roads. Adjustable preload and damping settings allow riders to fine-tune performance based on load, terrain, and riding style.

All-Terrain Tires

Street-legal dirt bikes utilize dual-sport tires that strike a balance between aggressive tread patterns for off-road grip and sufficient rubber contact for on-road traction. These tires perform reliably on dirt paths, gravel roads, wet asphalt, and highway surfaces. The tread design channels mud and water away while maintaining cornering stability, enhancing rider confidence across changing conditions.

Key Features Enhancing Usability and Performance

Beyond core functionality, several distinctive features define the user experience and practicality of used street-legal dirt bikes.

Starting Mechanism: Kick-Start vs. Electric Start

Many older or lightweight models rely on a kick-start system, favored by traditional riders for its mechanical simplicity and reliability in remote areas where battery failure could be problematic. However, modern versions often include electric starters for convenience. Some bikes offer both systems as a redundancy measure, ensuring the engine can be started even with a drained battery.

Fuel Tank Capacity and Range

Fuel tank size varies significantly depending on the model’s intended use. Lightweight trail bikes may have 1.5–2 gallon tanks for reduced weight and agility, suitable for short rides. Adventure-oriented models often feature larger 3–4 gallon tanks to extend range between refuels, supporting long-distance touring. Riders should consider average fuel economy (typically 50–70 mpg) when evaluating real-world range.

LED Lighting System

Modern street-legal dirt bikes are equipped with energy-efficient LED lighting for headlights, taillights, brake lights, and turn signals. LEDs provide brighter illumination, improve visibility during nighttime or low-light conditions, and consume less power than halogen bulbs. This reduces strain on the electrical system—especially important for bikes with limited alternator output—and increases bulb lifespan, reducing maintenance needs.

Design Elements for Dual-Purpose Riding

The design of street-legal dirt bikes reflects a thoughtful integration of off-road capability and on-road compliance, ensuring versatility without compromising safety or legality.

Hybrid Frame Design

These bikes merge the high ground clearance, long-travel suspension, and knobby tires of off-road motorcycles with essential street-legal components such as mirrors, turn signals, horn, speedometer, and DOT-approved lighting. The result is a machine capable of conquering rugged trails while remaining compliant with traffic regulations for highway use.

Lightweight & Durable Materials

To maintain agility and resilience, manufacturers use high-strength materials like chromoly steel or aluminum alloy frames, reinforced plastic body panels, and composite fenders. These materials resist impact damage from rocks and debris while minimizing overall weight, improving handling and fuel efficiency. Corrosion-resistant coatings also enhance longevity, especially in wet or salty environments.

Ergonomic Riding Position

Riding posture is optimized for versatility, offering a neutral or slightly forward-leaning stance that supports both standing during technical off-road sections and seated comfort on paved roads. The handlebars are typically wide for better control off-road, while footpeg placement allows easy weight shifting. Seats are designed for comfort over long distances without sacrificing the ability to move freely on the bike.

Important: When purchasing a used street-legal dirt bike, verify that it still meets local DMV requirements for registration and road use. Components like mirrors, lights, and emissions systems may degrade over time or be removed by previous owners. Always inspect the bike thoroughly and consider a professional pre-purchase evaluation to ensure safety, compliance, and long-term reliability.

Scenarios for Using Street-Legal Dirt Bikes

Used street-legal dirt bikes offer unmatched versatility, blending off-road capability with on-road practicality. Whether navigating city streets or exploring rugged trails, these bikes provide riders with freedom, agility, and adventure. Understanding how different riding scenarios influence bike performance helps buyers make informed decisions when selecting a used model.

Daily Commute

Street-legal dirt bikes are increasingly popular among urban commuters seeking an efficient and enjoyable alternative to cars and public transit. Their lightweight design and upright riding position enhance visibility and control in heavy traffic.

• Traffic navigation: Narrow profile allows lane filtering in congested areas, reducing commute time
• Easy parking: Takes up minimal space and can be parked in compact zones inaccessible to cars
• Fuel efficiency: Most models achieve 60+ mpg, significantly lowering transportation costs
• Weekend readiness: Riders can commute during the week and ride trails on weekends without needing a trailer

Ideal for: City dwellers with short-to-medium commutes and access to greenways or nearby trails

Off-Road Adventures

For trail enthusiasts, a street-legal dirt bike eliminates the logistical challenge of transporting a non-registered bike to remote trailheads. These bikes are engineered to handle diverse terrain while remaining compliant with road regulations.

• Trail access: Ride directly to national forests, motocross parks, or desert trails using public roads
• One-bike solution: Eliminates the need for separate street and off-road machines
• Adventurous flexibility: Explore backcountry routes that transition between paved roads and dirt paths
• Legal compliance: Full lighting, mirrors, horn, and emissions certification ensure road legality

Pro tip: Look for models with knobby tires, long-travel suspension, and skid plates for rugged trail performance

Long-Distance Touring

Adventure-oriented riders use street-legal dirt bikes for cross-country journeys that traverse mountains, deserts, and rural backroads. Known as "dual-sport" or "adventure bikes," these models are built for endurance and versatility.

• Extended range: Larger fuel tanks (3–6 gallons) enable 200+ mile ranges between refills
• Comfort features: Upgraded seats, wind protection, and ergonomic handlebars reduce fatigue
• All-terrain capability: Capable of handling gravel, mud, sand, and highway cruising
• Luggage options: Many models support panniers, tank bags, and tail racks for gear storage

Popular models: Honda CRF300L, Yamaha Tenere 700, KTM 690 Enduro R

Recreational Riding

Many riders choose street-legal dirt bikes for casual, flexible riding that combines neighborhood exploration with weekend trail rides. This use case emphasizes convenience and fun over extreme performance.

• No trailer needed: Ride directly to local trails, parks, or fire roads from home
• Low maintenance: Simpler engines than full adventure bikes make ownership affordable
• Family-friendly: Great for group rides where some members prefer paved access
• Learning platform: Ideal for riders developing both street and off-road skills

Smart choice: Used bikes in this category often offer excellent value with minimal depreciation

Urban Exploration

Street-legal dirt bikes empower explorers and photographers to discover hidden corners of cities, industrial zones, and abandoned areas with ease. Their off-road tires and ground clearance open up routes inaccessible to standard motorcycles.

• Access to alleys and trails: Navigate narrow passages, dirt paths in parks, and urban greenways
• Photography & videography: Transport gear to unique city locations with cinematic potential
• Quick mobility: Cover large areas faster than walking or cycling, with greater spontaneity than driving
• Community riding: Join urban adventure groups or motorcycle meetups that explore cityscapes

Safety note: Always obey local laws regarding riding in parks, alleys, or restricted zones

Key Buying Considerations

When purchasing a used street-legal dirt bike, align the model’s features with your primary riding scenario to maximize enjoyment and value.

• Engine size: 250cc–450cc ideal for balance of power and manageability
• Suspension travel: 8+ inches recommended for serious off-road use
• Weight: Lighter bikes (< 350 lbs) easier to handle off-road and in traffic
• Maintenance history: Check for regular valve adjustments, chain/sprocket replacement, and fork service
• Tires: Dual-sport tires (e.g., Heidenau K60, Michelin Anakee) offer best compromise

Inspection tip: Test ride on both paved and unpaved surfaces to assess real-world performance

Expert Insight: The true value of a used street-legal dirt bike lies in its versatility. Unlike dedicated motocross bikes or cruisers, these machines grow with the rider—supporting daily commutes, weekend adventures, and everything in between. When evaluating a used model, prioritize well-maintained bikes from reputable brands (Honda, Yamaha, KTM, Beta) with clean titles and service records. Even modestly priced models can deliver years of reliable, multi-purpose riding with proper care.

Additional Benefits of Used Street-Legal Dirt Bikes

• Cost-effective ownership: Lower purchase price, insurance, and registration costs compared to larger adventure bikes
• Depreciation advantage: Most value drop occurs in first 2–3 years, making used models excellent value
• Customization potential: Easy to upgrade with aftermarket exhausts, suspension, and luggage systems
• Community access: Join dual-sport riding clubs, organized rides, and off-road events
• Environmental efficiency: Smaller engines produce lower emissions and consume less fuel than cars or trucks

How to Choose the Best Used Street-Legal Dirt Bike: A Complete Buyer’s Guide

Choosing a used street-legal dirt bike can be an exciting and cost-effective way to enjoy both on-road commuting and off-road adventure. However, with so many models, conditions, and legal considerations, making the right choice requires careful research and evaluation. This comprehensive guide walks you through the essential factors—from legal compliance to mechanical condition—so you can confidently select a reliable, safe, and enjoyable bike that fits your riding style and budget.

Safety & Legal Warning: Always verify that any used dirt bike meets your local Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) requirements for street legality. Riding an improperly registered or unapproved vehicle can result in fines, impoundment, or safety risks.

1. Legal Requirements: Ensuring Your Bike is Street-Legal

Before making a purchase, it's crucial to understand the legal standards in your state or country. A "street-legal" dirt bike must be equipped with specific components to comply with traffic laws. While regulations vary by region, most require the following:

• Lighting: Headlight, taillight, brake light, and turn signals
• Mirrors: At least one side mirror (often two are required)
• Horn: Functional audible warning device
• Registration & Plates: Valid license plate with mounting bracket
• DOT-Approved Tires: Tires rated for highway use
• Exhaust System: Noise-compliant muffler meeting local decibel limits

Some bikes are factory-built as dual-sport models (e.g., Honda CRF250L, Yamaha Tenere 700), while others are modified aftermarket. Always request proof of title and registration, and check for a Vehicle Identification Number (VIN) that matches DMV records.

Pro Tip: In states like California, bikes must also pass a smog or emissions test. Verify your state’s specific requirements before purchasing to avoid costly retrofitting.

2. Type of Riding: Matching the Bike to Your Lifestyle

Your intended use should be the primary factor in choosing the right bike. Different models are engineered for specific riding conditions:

• Dual-Sport Bikes: Ideal for riders who split time between paved roads and light trails. These are lightweight, fuel-efficient, and easy to handle (e.g., Kawasaki KLX230, Suzuki DR-Z400SM).
• Enduro Bikes: Built for aggressive off-road use with some street capability. They feature long-travel suspension and rugged frames but may be less comfortable on highways.
• Adventure Touring Bikes: Larger, more powerful models (e.g., BMW G 310 GS, KTM 790 Adventure) designed for long-distance travel on varied terrain. These offer excellent comfort, wind protection, and luggage capacity.
• Supermoto Bikes: Modified dirt bikes with street tires, optimized for urban riding and twisty backroads. They offer sharp handling and sporty performance.

Consider your typical riding environment—city commutes, weekend trails, or cross-state tours—to select the best fit.

3. Engine Size: Balancing Power and Practicality

Engine displacement (measured in cc) significantly affects performance, fuel economy, and rider experience:

• 125cc–250cc: Perfect for beginners, city riding, and lightweight trail use. Offers manageable power, excellent fuel efficiency (~70+ mpg), and easier handling.
• 300cc–500cc: A versatile middle ground with enough power for highway cruising and moderate off-road use. Great for intermediate riders.
• 600cc and Above: High-performance engines suited for experienced riders. Deliver strong acceleration and long-distance comfort but consume more fuel and are heavier.

Keep in mind that larger engines often come with higher insurance premiums and may require an advanced motorcycle license in some areas.

4. Comfort and Ergonomics: Ride in Confidence

Comfort is critical, especially for longer rides. A bike that feels awkward or strained can lead to fatigue and reduced control. Evaluate the following:

• Seat Height: Ensure you can place both feet flat or at least the balls of your feet on the ground when stopped. Taller riders (6'+) may prefer 35"+ seats, while shorter riders should look for 31"–33".
• Riding Position: Upright handlebars are standard for dirt bikes, promoting visibility and control. Check for wrist, back, and leg comfort during a test ride.
• Suspension & Handling: Test how the bike responds in turns, bumps, and straight-line stability. Soft suspension suits trails; stiffer setups are better for pavement.
• Weight: Lighter bikes (300–350 lbs) are easier to maneuver off-road and in traffic, while heavier adventure bikes (450+ lbs) offer stability at speed.

5. Condition of the Bike: Inspect Thoroughly Before Buying

Used bikes vary widely in mechanical health. A low price might hide expensive repairs. Conduct a detailed inspection or hire a certified mechanic:

• Mileage: Under 10,000 miles is excellent for a used dirt bike; over 20,000 may indicate the need for engine or suspension work.
• Frame & Chassis: Look for cracks, welds, or signs of crashes. Check alignment by spinning the wheels and inspecting for wobble.
• Engine: Listen for knocking, smoking, or difficulty starting. Check oil for metal shavings or milky residue (sign of coolant leak).
• Brakes: Test lever feel—should be firm, not spongy. Inspect pads and rotors for wear or warping.
• Suspension: Press down on front and rear; it should rebound smoothly without leaking fluid.
• Tires: Look for tread depth, dry rot (cracks), and sidewall damage. Off-road tires wear quickly on pavement.
• Electrical System: Test all lights, horn, turn signals, and instrument cluster.

Ask for service records and verify ownership history. Avoid bikes with salvage titles or inconsistent maintenance.

6. Budget: Plan for Total Ownership Costs

The purchase price is just the beginning. Factor in these ongoing expenses:

• Insurance: Rates vary by engine size, rider age, location, and driving record. Expect $200–$600/year for a 250cc bike; $800+ for larger models.
• Maintenance: Regular oil changes, chain adjustment, tire replacement, and brake service can cost $300–$800 annually.
• Modifications: If buying a non-street-legal dirt bike, adding lights, mirrors, and signals can cost $300–$1,000.
• Registration & Licensing: Fees range from $50–$200 depending on your state.
• Accessories: Consider helmets, riding gear, locks, and GPS mounts.

Set a realistic budget that covers not only the bike but also the first year of ownership to avoid financial strain.

Smart Buyer Tip: Test ride any bike before purchasing. Pay attention to clutch engagement, gear shifting, braking response, and overall comfort. If buying online, consider hiring a local mechanic for a pre-purchase inspection (PPI) for $100–$200—it could save you thousands.

Final Checklist Before Purchase

• ✅ Confirm the bike is legally registered and titled
• ✅ Verify all street-legal equipment is present and functional
• ✅ Inspect mechanical condition or get a professional inspection
• ✅ Test ride to assess performance and comfort
• ✅ Check for accident history or frame damage
• ✅ Compare prices across listings to ensure fair market value
• ✅ Budget for insurance, maintenance, and gear

Buying a used street-legal dirt bike doesn’t have to be overwhelming. By focusing on legality, riding needs, engine size, comfort, condition, and total cost, you can find a reliable machine that delivers years of adventure and fun. Always prioritize safety and due diligence—your perfect ride is out there, ready to hit the road and trail.

Frequently Asked Questions About Street-Legal Dirt Bikes

Converting an off-road dirt bike for legal use on public roads involves several essential modifications to meet state and federal vehicle regulations. While requirements vary by location, the most common upgrades include:

• Lights: Headlights (high and low beam), tail lights, brake lights, and license plate illumination must be installed and properly functioning.
• Signals and Horn: Front and rear turn signals, along with an audible horn, are mandatory for communication with other drivers.
• Mirrors: At least one side mirror (often two) is required to monitor traffic behind you.
• Exhaust System: The bike must have a street-legal muffler that complies with noise emission standards.
• Emissions Compliance: In states like California, bikes may need to be EPA-compliant and carry a CARB (California Air Resources Board) certification label.
• Registration and Insurance: Once modified, the bike must pass a DMV inspection, be registered, and insured like any other motor vehicle.

Some riders choose to purchase pre-converted dual-sport models (like the Honda CRF300L or Yamaha Tenere 700), which come factory-equipped for both off-road and on-road use, saving time and ensuring compliance.

Absolutely—street-legal dirt bikes, particularly dual-sport and adventure models, are highly practical for urban and suburban commuting. Their advantages include:

• Maneuverability: Narrow profiles and lightweight designs allow riders to filter through traffic and navigate tight spaces with ease.
• Fuel Efficiency: Many models achieve 50–70 mpg, making them cost-effective for daily travel.
• Agility: Long-travel suspension and upright riding posture provide comfort and control over potholes, curbs, and uneven pavement.
• Parking Convenience: They take up less space than cars or cruisers, making parking easier in crowded areas.

However, riders should consider comfort for longer commutes—some models lack wind protection or have firm seats. Adding accessories like hand guards, windshield kits, or upgraded seating can enhance daily usability.

Regular maintenance is crucial to ensure reliability, safety, and longevity—especially since these bikes are often used in varied conditions. Key maintenance tasks include:

• Oil Changes: Recommended every 2,000–3,000 miles (or as specified by the manufacturer) to keep the engine running smoothly under mixed use.
• Air Filter Care: Off-road riding introduces dust and debris, so cleaning or replacing the air filter frequently (every 500–1,000 miles in dirty conditions) is vital.
• Chain Maintenance: Check chain tension weekly and lubricate every 500 miles to prevent premature wear and power loss.
• Tire Inspection: Monitor tread depth and pressure regularly—dual-sport tires wear faster on pavement than dedicated street tires.
• Brake System: Inspect brake pads, rotors, and fluid levels monthly, especially after off-road use where mud and grit can affect performance.
• Bulbs and Electrical Systems: Ensure all lights, signals, and instruments are functional for legal and safe operation.

Following the manufacturer’s service schedule and keeping a maintenance log helps prevent breakdowns and maintains resale value.

Yes—especially adventure-touring and dual-sport models, which are specifically engineered for long-range capabilities. These bikes excel in extended journeys due to:

Bikes like the BMW G 310 GS, KTM 790 Adventure, or Suzuki V-Strom 650 are popular choices for cross-country trips, offering comfort, reliability, and the ability to explore both paved highways and remote trails.

While street-legal dirt bikes share DNA with pure off-road models, there are performance trade-offs due to added components and regulatory requirements:

• Suspension: Dual-sport bikes often have slightly stiffer or shorter-travel suspension to improve on-road stability, which may reduce off-road agility compared to dedicated motocross or enduro bikes.
• Tires: Street-legal tires have harder rubber and tread patterns designed for pavement, resulting in less grip on loose dirt or mud.
• Weight: Added lights, mirrors, emissions equipment, and larger fuel tanks increase overall weight, affecting handling and jump performance.
• Engine Tuning: Emissions controls and fuel mapping may slightly reduce peak power, though modern models maintain strong off-road capability.
• Noise and Exhaust: Street-compliant mufflers can restrict exhaust flow, slightly reducing horsepower and altering engine response.

That said, many street-legal dirt bikes still deliver impressive off-road performance. Riders seeking the best of both worlds should consider high-performance dual-sports or perform selective upgrades (e.g., knobby tires, skid plates, or aftermarket exhausts) to enhance trail capability without sacrificing road legality.