Types of Husqvarna 501 FE Models
The Husqvarna 501 FE is a high-performance enduro motorcycle engineered for versatile off-road riding. Built around a powerful 510cc single-cylinder engine, the 501 FE delivers impressive torque and reliable performance across diverse terrains. Available in multiple configurations, each model is tailored to meet the specific demands of different riders—from weekend trail enthusiasts to long-distance adventurers and competitive off-road racers. Whether you're navigating technical trails or embarking on cross-country journeys, there's a 501 FE variant designed to enhance your riding experience.
Standard Model
The foundation of the 501 FE lineup, this model comes fully equipped for immediate trail readiness with no need for additional upgrades.
Key Features
- 510cc fuel-injected engine for strong, responsive power
- WP XPLOR front suspension and rear shock for balanced off-road performance
- Durable spoked wheels with tubeless capability
- Lightweight chassis for agile handling
Considerations
- Smaller fuel tank limits range
- Basic seat comfort for extended rides
- Fewer accessories compared to upgraded models
Best for: Trail riders seeking a reliable, no-frills enduro bike with excellent performance out of the box
Xplore Package
Designed for enhanced comfort and endurance, this version elevates the 501 FE for serious off-road touring and long-range exploration.
Key Features
- Increased fuel capacity (up to 10.5L) for extended range
- Ergonomic, comfort-optimized seat for reduced fatigue
- Integrated hand protectors for improved control and safety
- Enhanced suspension tuning for all-day ride comfort
Considerations
- Slightly heavier due to added components
- Premium pricing over standard model
- Less aggressive styling for competition use
Best for: Adventurers and dual-sport riders who prioritize comfort and range on extended off-road trips
Off-Road Competition
Built for maximum agility and track-focused performance, this stripped-down variant is engineered for competitive enduro and hard-core trail riding.
Key Features
- Ultra-lightweight frame and components for superior handling
- High-performance suspension with race-tuned settings
- Minimalist design reduces weight and complexity
- Aggressive ergonomics for dynamic riding positions
Considerations
- Reduced comfort for long-distance riding
- Smaller fuel tank requires frequent refueling
- Fewer comfort-oriented features
Best for: Competitive riders and off-road racers who value lightweight performance and precise handling
Touring Package
The ultimate long-distance enduro setup, this model combines off-road capability with touring convenience for true adventure readiness.
Key Features
- Expanded fuel tank for maximum range between refuels
- Comfort-focused seat and riding position
- Integrated handrails for passenger or rider support
- Mounting points for panniers and luggage systems
Considerations
- Heaviest variant due to added accessories
- Premium cost reflects extensive upgrades
- Slightly reduced agility on tight trails
Best for: Long-distance adventure riders who need cargo capacity, comfort, and self-sufficiency on remote routes
| Model | Engine | Fuel Capacity | Weight | Ideal Use Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Model | 510cc Single Cylinder | 8.5 L | 122 kg | General trail riding, weekend adventures |
| Xplore Package | 510cc Single Cylinder | 10.5 L | 125 kg | Extended off-road touring, comfort-focused riding |
| Off-Road Competition | 510cc High-Output Tuning | 8.5 L | 118 kg | Racing, technical trail riding, agility performance |
| Touring Package | 510cc Single Cylinder | 10.5 L | 128 kg | Adventure touring, long-distance travel, loaded rides |
Expert Tip: When choosing between models, consider your primary riding environment. For competitive or technical terrain, the Off-Road Competition model offers unmatched responsiveness. For weekend trail rides with comfort, the Standard or Xplore models are ideal. If you're planning multi-day off-road adventures, the Touring Package provides the best combination of range, comfort, and utility.
Features of the Husqvarna 501 FE: A High-Performance Enduro Machine
The Husqvarna 501 FE is a premium dual-sport enduro motorcycle engineered for riders who demand both power and precision across diverse terrains. Combining advanced engineering with rider-focused design, every model in the 501 FE lineup delivers exceptional versatility, whether navigating urban streets or conquering rugged off-road trails. Below is a detailed breakdown of its standout features that contribute to its elite performance and dynamic handling.
Engine Performance: Power Meets Efficiency
At the heart of the Husqvarna 501 FE lies a robust 510cc single-cylinder, liquid-cooled engine renowned for its high torque output and responsive power delivery. Designed for real-world performance, this engine ensures smooth acceleration and consistent power across a wide RPM range—ideal for both low-speed technical trails and high-speed backroad cruising.
Equipped with electronic fuel injection (EFI), the engine starts effortlessly in all weather conditions, eliminating the need for choke adjustments. The EFI system also optimizes fuel consumption and emissions, enhancing reliability and reducing maintenance needs. This combination of raw power and intelligent engineering makes the 501 FE a top choice for serious enduro riders.
Lightweight Construction: Agility Without Compromise
The 501 FE features a lightweight chassis constructed from high-strength steel and advanced composite materials. While the original description mentions a "thorium body," this appears to be a misstatement—Husqvarna uses aerospace-grade steel and polymer components to achieve an optimal balance of durability and minimal weight.
This strategic lightweight design significantly improves maneuverability, especially in tight trails or during long-distance rides. With a dry weight of approximately 128 kg (282 lbs), the bike offers exceptional agility, making it easier to handle in technical sections and reducing rider fatigue over extended periods.
Suspension System: Precision-Tuned for Any Terrain
The Husqvarna 501 FE is equipped with a high-end suspension setup from WP, a leader in motorcycle suspension technology. Up front, the bike features 48mm WP Xplor upside-down forks with closed-cartridge technology, offering 280mm of travel and superior damping characteristics.
At the rear, a WP PDS (Progressive Damping System) monoshock provides 285mm of wheel travel and is fully adjustable for compression and rebound damping. This allows riders to fine-tune the suspension to match their weight, riding style, and terrain conditions—whether tackling rocky trails, sandy washes, or paved roads—without requiring aftermarket upgrades.
Tires and Brakes: Confidence in Every Turn
The 501 FE comes standard with Metzeler Karoo 36 dual-sport tires, known for their aggressive tread pattern and excellent grip on both dirt and pavement. These tires provide reliable traction in loose terrain while maintaining stability at highway speeds.
Stopping power is delivered by a premium Brembo braking system. The front brake uses a 260mm floating disc with a four-piston caliper, while the rear features a 240mm disc with a single-piston caliper. Together, they offer strong, progressive braking with excellent modulation, ensuring rider confidence during sudden stops or downhill descents.
Ergonomic Design: Built for Rider Comfort and Control
Husqvarna has prioritized rider ergonomics in the 501 FE’s design. The bike features an ultra-narrow profile that enhances legroom and improves ground clearance, allowing riders to shift their weight with ease during technical maneuvers.
The seat is adjustable between 950mm and 980mm in height, accommodating a wide range of rider statures. Combined with a flat, grippy seat surface and well-positioned footpegs, the 501 FE ensures long-distance comfort and precise control—key attributes for adventure riders and enduro enthusiasts alike.
| Feature | Component | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Engine | 510cc Liquid-Cooled Single | High torque, smooth power delivery, reliable cold starts |
| Fuel System | Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) | Improved fuel efficiency, all-weather reliability |
| Front Suspension | WP Xplor 48mm Closed Cartridge | 280mm travel, adjustable compression & rebound |
| Rear Suspension | WP PDS Monoshock | 285mm travel, progressive damping, tunable setup |
| Brakes | Brembo Front (260mm) & Rear (240mm) | Superior stopping power and control |
| Tires | Metzeler Karoo 36 | Excellent off-road grip with on-road stability |
| Seat Height | Adjustable: 950–980 mm | Enhanced accessibility and rider comfort |
Important Note: While the Husqvarna 501 FE is built for durability and high performance, regular maintenance is essential to preserve its capabilities. Always follow the manufacturer's service schedule for oil changes, chain tensioning, brake inspections, and suspension servicing. Using genuine parts and proper lubricants ensures optimal longevity and safety.
Scenarios of Husqvarna 501 FE
The Husqvarna 501 FE is a high-performance enduro motorcycle engineered for versatility, durability, and rider control. With its single-cylinder 510.9cc engine, lightweight chassis, and advanced suspension system, this bike excels across a wide range of riding environments. Whether you're tackling technical trails or commuting through city streets, the 501 FE delivers a balanced combination of power, agility, and comfort. Below is a detailed breakdown of the key scenarios where this motorcycle truly shines.
Technical Trail Riding
The Husqvarna 501 FE is purpose-built for technical trail riding, where precision and responsiveness are critical. Weighing just 118 kg (260 lbs), its lightweight frame allows for effortless handling on narrow, rocky, and uneven terrain. The powerful fuel-injected engine delivers smooth, linear power delivery, enabling riders to modulate throttle input with confidence during tight switchbacks or steep ascents.
Equipped with a high-quality WP XPLOR suspension system—48 mm front fork and a rear shock with progressive damping—the bike absorbs impacts from roots, rocks, and ruts while maintaining excellent ground contact and rider stability. This ensures superior traction and reduces rider fatigue over prolonged technical sections.
- Lightweight chassis enhances agility in tight forest trails
- Precise throttle response for controlled crawling over obstacles
- Long-travel suspension (approx. 300 mm front/rear) handles rough terrain smoothly
- Narrow seat and ergonomics allow easy weight shifting and foot placement
Pro Insight: Riders often pair the 501 FE with knobby tires for increased grip on loose or slippery surfaces, further improving trail performance.
Long-Distance Enduro
For riders participating in extended enduro events or multi-day off-road adventures, the Husqvarna 501 FE proves to be a reliable companion. While the standard model comes with a 9.5-liter fuel tank, the optional Touring Package increases capacity and improves comfort for long hauls. This extended range—combined with fuel-efficient engine tuning—allows riders to cover significant distances between refuels, making it ideal for cross-country routes and remote trail systems.
The ergonomic design reduces strain on the wrists, back, and legs during extended rides. The seat is contoured for both standing and seated positions, accommodating dynamic riding styles typical in endurance riding. Additionally, the engine’s robust cooling system prevents overheating during sustained climbs or slow-speed technical sections.
- Optional larger fuel tank extends range up to 200+ km (125+ miles) on mixed terrain
- Comfortable riding position reduces fatigue during 4+ hour sessions
- Durable engine components designed for continuous operation
- Reliable electronics package with efficient fuel injection and lighting
Tip: Adding handguards, a skid plate, and auxiliary lighting can further enhance the bike’s suitability for long-distance enduro challenges.
Off-Road Adventures
The 501 FE is engineered to conquer diverse off-road environments—from sandy dunes and muddy riverbeds to steep mountain trails. Its aggressive 90/90-21 front and 140/80-18 rear tire setup provides excellent grip across loose and uneven surfaces. The powerful hydraulic Brembo brakes offer strong, consistent stopping power even in wet or dusty conditions, giving riders confidence when navigating unpredictable terrain.
With a ground clearance of 320 mm (12.6 inches) and a slim body design, the bike easily clears obstacles and maintains stability on inclines. The electronic fuel injection ensures reliable starts and smooth running at various altitudes and temperatures, making it a dependable choice for weekend explorers and backcountry riders.
- All-terrain tires deliver confident grip in sand, mud, and gravel
- High ground clearance prevents bottoming out on rocky trails
- Brembo braking system ensures reliable deceleration in all conditions
- Waterproof electrical components enhance reliability in wet environments
Adventure Ready: Many owners install GPS mounts and luggage racks to turn the 501 FE into a true adventure-ready machine.
Competitive Racing
The Competition variant of the Husqvarna 501 FE is specifically tuned for off-road racing and enduro competitions. Stripped of non-essential components to reduce weight and improve power-to-weight ratio, this version delivers maximum performance on timed special stages and challenging race courses.
The engine produces approximately 51 horsepower with a broad torque curve, allowing rapid acceleration out of corners and strong mid-range pull on climbs. The responsive suspension is fully adjustable, enabling racers to fine-tune settings based on track conditions. Combined with a lightweight chromoly steel frame and high-performance brakes, the bike offers razor-sharp handling and control under pressure.
- Race-tuned engine for aggressive power delivery
- Fully adjustable WP suspension for track-specific setup
- Lightweight wheels and aggressive knobbies for optimal traction
- Competitive weight and balance ideal for jumping and cornering
Racer’s Edge: The 501 FE Competition model meets FIM enduro regulations, making it eligible for many amateur and professional racing classes.
Daily Commute
Surprisingly, the Husqvarna 501 FE also serves as a practical and exciting option for daily commuting. Its narrow profile allows riders to filter through traffic efficiently, while the upright riding position provides excellent visibility in urban environments. The smooth, responsive engine performs well at low RPMs, making stop-and-go traffic manageable without excessive clutching or jerking.
Despite its off-road focus, the 501 FE is street-legal and equipped with necessary lighting, mirrors, and instrumentation. Riders who live near rural or semi-urban areas can enjoy a thrilling commute on backroads while still being able to navigate paved streets. The durable construction means less maintenance compared to smaller commuter bikes subjected to heavy daily use.
- Street-legal with headlight, taillight, turn signals, and license plate mount
- Reliable starting and smooth idle in traffic
- Excellent fuel economy for a large-displacement single-cylinder bike
- Durable chain and drivetrain suitable for mixed-surface commutes
Urban Advantage: Riders often appreciate the 501 FE’s ability to transition seamlessly from city streets to dirt paths—perfect for those who want adventure built into their daily routine.
Expert Recommendation: While the Husqvarna 501 FE is incredibly versatile, riders should consider adding protective accessories—such as engine guards, handguards, and upgraded lighting—for enhanced durability and safety depending on their primary use case. For mixed-use riders, a dual-sport tire compromise (like the Pirelli Scorpion Rally) can optimize performance across pavement and trail.
| Riding Scenario | Key Features Utilized | Recommended Accessories | Performance Benefit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technical Trail Riding | Lightweight frame, WP suspension, precise engine control | Knobby tires, skid plate, handguards | Enhanced maneuverability and obstacle clearance |
| Long-Distance Enduro | Large fuel tank (optional), comfortable ergonomics | Touring seat, GPS mount, auxiliary lights | Extended range and reduced rider fatigue |
| Off-Road Adventures | All-terrain tires, high ground clearance, Brembo brakes | Adventure luggage, crash bars, upgraded suspension | Confidence in remote and rugged terrain |
| Competitive Racing | Race-tuned engine, adjustable suspension, low weight | Racing numbers, enduro lights, lightweight battery | Maximum performance and track readiness |
| Daily Commute | Street legality, narrow profile, reliable engine | Commuter rack, windscreen, chain guard | Practicality with adventure-ready design |
Additional Considerations
- Maintenance Needs: Regular chain adjustment, air filter cleaning, and suspension servicing are essential for optimal performance across all scenarios
- Tire Selection: Choosing the right tire compound and tread pattern significantly impacts performance on pavement vs. trail
- Rider Skill Level: The 501 FE is best suited for intermediate to advanced riders due to its power and off-road demands
- Weather Adaptability: Performs well in varied climates, though extreme cold may affect battery performance
- Customization Potential: Highly adaptable with a wide range of aftermarket parts for personalization and functional upgrades
How to Choose the Right Husqvarna 501 FE for Your Riding Style
Selecting the ideal Husqvarna 501 FE motorcycle is more than just a matter of preference—it's about matching the bike’s capabilities to your riding goals, terrain, and comfort needs. As a high-performance single-cylinder enduro machine, the 501 FE offers versatility across different configurations, each tailored to specific riding disciplines. Whether you're navigating technical trails, embarking on long-distance adventures, or competing in off-road events, understanding the key differences between models is essential to making an informed decision.
Safety & Practical Note: Always test-ride a model if possible and consult with a certified Husqvarna dealer to confirm specifications. Rider skill level, physical dimensions, and intended use should all influence your choice to ensure optimal performance and safety.
Key Factors to Consider When Choosing Your Husqvarna 501 FE
- Riding Intention and Use Case
Your primary riding purpose should be the foundation of your decision. The Husqvarna 501 FE comes in several variants, each optimized for different styles:
- Standard Model: Perfect for everyday trail riding and general off-road use. Offers a balanced mix of performance, reliability, and ease of handling—ideal for intermediate riders and weekend adventurers.
- Touring Package: Designed for extended rides and dual-purpose use. Features include enhanced wind protection, larger fuel capacity, and improved comfort for long-distance travel on mixed terrain.
- Off-Road Competition Model: Built for serious enduro racing and aggressive off-road challenges. Includes lightweight components, race-tuned suspension, and stripped-down features to maximize agility and performance on rugged trails.
Ask yourself: Will you be riding forest trails, desert dunes, mountain passes, or competitive circuits? Matching your environment to the model ensures peak performance.
- Comfort and Ergonomics
Rider comfort plays a crucial role in endurance and control, especially during long rides. The Touring package enhances comfort significantly with:
- A wider, contoured seat with superior padding for reduced fatigue
- Adjustable seat height to accommodate riders of varying statures
- Optimized handlebar positioning for a more upright, relaxed riding posture
Meanwhile, the standard and competition models prioritize a lightweight, narrow chassis for improved maneuverability. This design allows for easier foot placement and better control in technical sections, making it ideal for standing rides and aggressive terrain navigation.
- Suspension and Handling Performance
The Husqvarna 501 FE is equipped with premium WP Xplor suspension—a hallmark of high-end off-road motorcycles. This fully adjustable front and rear suspension system allows riders to fine-tune settings based on rider weight, load, and terrain type.
- Front: 48mm WP Xplor upside-down fork with 10.6 inches (270mm) of travel
- Rear: WP Xplor shock with linkage system and 10.6 inches (270mm) of wheel travel
- Adjustability: Compression and rebound damping can be customized for soft sand, rocky trails, or high-speed fire roads
This level of tuning flexibility makes the 501 FE adaptable across diverse conditions, from smooth forest paths to extreme enduro courses.
- Off-Road Capabilities and Protective Features
If your focus is serious off-road riding, consider the Xplore package or Off-Road Competition variants, which include:
- Aggressive off-road tires with deep treads for superior grip in mud, sand, and loose gravel
- Engine protection bars and skid plates to guard against rock strikes and trail damage
- Lightweight aluminum bash plate for added durability without excess weight
- Long-travel suspension and high ground clearance for navigating obstacles
These enhancements ensure the bike remains capable and reliable in the most demanding environments, making it a top choice for adventure riders and enduro enthusiasts.
- Maintenance, Durability, and Technology
The Husqvarna 501 FE combines rugged durability with modern engineering. Key features that reduce maintenance and increase longevity include:
- Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI): Ensures consistent engine performance across altitudes and temperatures, with minimal tuning required
- High-quality components: From the chromoly steel frame to the Brembo brakes, every part is built for endurance
- Sealed chain and oversized air filter: Reduces cleaning frequency and extends service intervals
- Durable engine: The 510.9cc single-cylinder powerplant is known for reliability even under extreme conditions
For riders planning multi-day enduro events or remote trail explorations, low maintenance needs and proven durability are invaluable assets.
| Model Variant | Best For | Key Features | Maintenance Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard 501 FE | Trail riding, weekend adventures | Balanced suspension, EFI, durable chassis | Low to moderate |
| Touring Package | Long-distance & dual-sport riding | Comfort seat, wind protection, larger fuel tank | Moderate |
| Off-Road Competition | Enduro racing, technical terrain | Lightweight build, race suspension, protection bars | Moderate (due to aggressive use) |
| Xplore Edition | Adventure riding, mixed terrain | Off-road tires, skid plate, enhanced durability | Low |
Expert Tip: Consider upgrading with aftermarket accessories like GPS mounts, auxiliary lighting, or luggage systems—especially if you're using the Touring or Xplore models for adventure riding. These additions can significantly enhance functionality and comfort on extended trips.
Final Recommendations
- Evaluate your typical riding environment: forest trails, desert, mountains, or racetracks
- Assess your physical fit—sit on different models to check reach, seat height, and weight distribution
- Factor in long-term costs: while all 501 FE models are durable, competition versions may require more frequent servicing due to intense use
- Consult owner forums and reviews for real-world feedback on specific configurations
- Always wear proper protective gear and consider taking an off-road riding course to maximize control and safety
Choosing the right Husqvarna 501 FE isn’t just about power—it’s about alignment with your lifestyle and riding ambitions. Whether you're chasing podiums or exploring remote trails, the 501 FE lineup offers a purpose-built solution. Take the time to research, test, and equip your bike properly, and you’ll enjoy years of thrilling, reliable performance in the great outdoors.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Husqvarna 501 FE
Q1: Is the Husqvarna 501 FE suitable for beginners?The Husqvarna 501 FE is a high-performance enduro motorcycle that, while impressive in design and capability, may not be the most beginner-friendly option for novice riders. With a powerful 501cc single-cylinder engine producing strong torque and responsive acceleration, it requires a certain level of riding skill to manage effectively—especially in off-road or technical terrain.
However, for riders who have already gained confidence on paved roads or lighter trail bikes and are looking to transition into serious off-road or enduro riding, the 501 FE can be an excellent next step. Its advanced suspension system, lightweight chassis, and ergonomic riding position contribute to predictable handling and rider comfort, making it a capable and rewarding machine for those ready to take their skills further.
Tip: Beginners interested in this model should consider professional training and gradual exposure to off-road conditions before tackling challenging environments.
Q2: How durable is the Husqvarna 501 FE?The Husqvarna 501 FE is built for durability and resilience, especially in demanding off-road environments. Constructed with high-quality materials and precision engineering, the bike features a robust chrome-molybdenum steel frame, long-travel suspension, and protective components like engine guards and skid plates—all designed to withstand rough trails and frequent use.
Its fuel-injected engine reduces the need for constant tuning and enhances reliability across varying climates and altitudes. The electronic fuel injection system also improves cold-start performance and ensures consistent power delivery, minimizing mechanical stress over time.
That said, like any high-performance off-road motorcycle, longevity depends heavily on proper maintenance. Regular oil changes, air filter cleaning, chain adjustment, and inspection of suspension and braking systems are essential—particularly after intense riding sessions. With consistent care, the 501 FE can deliver years of reliable service, even under rigorous conditions.
Q3: Can the Husqvarna 501 FE be used for long-distance rides?Yes, the Husqvarna 501 FE is capable of long-distance riding, especially when equipped with the optional Touring package. While the base model is optimized for enduro and off-road performance, the Touring variant enhances its versatility by including key upgrades such as:
- Increased Fuel Capacity: A larger 12-liter fuel tank extends range significantly, allowing for longer stretches between refuels—ideal for remote or backcountry adventures.
- Comfort-Oriented Seat: A more cushioned and contoured seat reduces rider fatigue during extended periods in the saddle.
- Additional Lighting and Electrical Components: Improved lighting and accessory readiness support safer night riding and integration with GPS or phone mounts.
Even without the Touring package, the 501 FE’s upright riding posture and smooth power delivery make it suitable for mixed-surface touring. Riders often use it for adventure-style journeys that combine paved highways with forest trails and gravel roads.
Note: For maximum comfort on long trips, consider adding aftermarket wind protection, handguards, and luggage solutions.
Q4: What type of fuel is best for the Husqvarna 501 FE?For optimal performance and engine protection, Husqvarna recommends using premium unleaded gasoline with an octane rating of 91 AKI (Anti-Knock Index) or higher. In regions using the RON (Research Octane Number) scale, this corresponds to **95 RON or higher**—not 91 RON as sometimes misunderstood.
The 501 FE’s fuel-injected, high-compression engine is tuned for premium fuel to prevent pre-ignition (engine knocking), which can occur when lower-octane fuels are used under load or at high temperatures. While the bike may run on regular 87-octane fuel in emergencies, doing so regularly can lead to:
- Reduced engine performance and throttle response
- Increased engine temperature
- Potential long-term damage due to knocking or pinging
Using premium fuel ensures smoother power delivery, better fuel efficiency, and enhanced engine longevity—especially important during sustained high-speed or off-road riding.
Q5: Does the Husqvarna 501 FE require special tires for off-road riding?No, the Husqvarna 501 FE comes factory-equipped with high-quality Metzeler Karoo 36 enduro tires (or similar models depending on region and year), which are specifically engineered for mixed terrain performance. These tires offer:
- Aggressive tread patterns for superior grip on dirt, mud, sand, and loose gravel
- Durable sidewall construction to resist cuts and punctures
- Stable road manners for reliable on-pavement handling during transitions
- All-weather performance, including wet and slippery conditions
This means the bike is ready for off-road adventures straight from the dealership, without requiring immediate tire changes. However, riders should assess tire condition regularly and replace them when tread wear indicators show significant degradation or after prolonged use on abrasive surfaces.
Optional Upgrades: For extreme enduro or rocky terrain, some riders opt for more aggressive tires like the Dunlop D909 or Continental TKC 80, but these may compromise on-road comfort and noise levels.









