CommercialToolry
Exploring Goose Transport Cage Sale: Material Grades, Properties, and Uses

Exploring Goose Transport Cage Sale: Material Grades, Properties, and Uses

Types of Goose Transport Cages

A goose transport cage for sale comes in various designs tailored to different transportation needs, from quick vet visits to long-distance farm transfers. Choosing the right cage ensures the safety, comfort, and well-being of your geese during transit. The ideal cage depends on trip duration, number of birds, weather conditions, frequency of use, and budget.

Portable Cages for Short Trips

Compact and lightweight, portable goose transport cages are designed for ease of handling during brief journeys such as trips to the veterinarian, local shows, or backyard relocation.

Advantages
  • Lightweight and easy to carry
  • Simple to maneuver in tight spaces
  • Affordable and widely available
  • Ideal for one or two geese
Limitations
  • Limited ventilation for extended use
  • Minimal space for movement
  • Not suitable for long-distance travel
  • Fewer durability features

Best for: Urban keepers, pet geese, short-distance vet visits, and temporary transport

Collapsible Cages for Flexible Use

These innovative transport solutions feature a foldable frame and removable panels, allowing them to be flattened when not in use—perfect for those with limited storage space.

Advantages
  • Space-saving design when folded
  • Easy to store in garages or sheds
  • Reusable and durable construction
  • Often made with rust-resistant materials
Limitations
  • Slightly more complex assembly
  • May require periodic hinge maintenance
  • Potential for reduced structural rigidity over time

Best for: Seasonal transporters, small farms, and hobbyists needing occasional use with efficient storage

Heavy-Duty Cages for Long Trips

Engineered for endurance, heavy-duty transport cages are built with reinforced metal frames and robust mesh walls. They provide ample room, superior ventilation, and enhanced protection during extended travel.

Advantages
  • High structural integrity and impact resistance
  • Spacious interior for multiple geese
  • Excellent airflow and visibility
  • Durable enough for commercial or farm use
  • Often include tie-down points for vehicle securing
Limitations
  • Heavier and harder to carry manually
  • Higher purchase cost
  • Takes up more storage space
  • May require a trailer or truck for transport

Best for: Commercial breeders, large flocks, long-distance relocation, and frequent transporters

Solar-Powered Cages for Unique Needs

Advanced transport enclosures equipped with solar panels that power climate-control systems such as fans or heating elements, helping maintain a stable internal temperature regardless of external weather.

Advantages
  • Automated temperature regulation
  • Reduces stress in extreme heat or cold
  • Energy-efficient and eco-friendly
  • Minimizes need for manual monitoring
  • Enhances animal welfare during unpredictable weather
Limitations
  • Significantly higher initial investment
  • Requires maintenance of electronic components
  • Performance depends on sunlight availability
  • More complex to repair if damaged

Best for: Transport in extreme climates, premium poultry operations, research facilities, and humane transport standards

Type Durability Portability Capacity Best Use Case
Portable Cages Medium Excellent Low (1–2 geese) Vet visits, short trips
Collapsible Cages Good Very Good Medium (2–4 geese) Occasional use, limited storage
Heavy-Duty Cages Excellent Fair High (4+ geese) Long trips, commercial use
Solar-Powered Cages Very Good Good Medium to High Climate-sensitive transport

Expert Tip: Always line the bottom of any goose transport cage with absorbent bedding like straw or wood shavings to improve comfort and hygiene. Ensure proper ventilation and avoid overcrowding to reduce stress during transit.

Quality Materials Used in Goose Cages

When selecting a goose cage, the choice of materials is one of the most critical factors influencing durability, safety, and animal welfare. High-quality construction not only ensures the cage can withstand daily use and environmental exposure but also plays a vital role in maintaining the health and comfort of geese. Whether used for transport, temporary housing, or long-term containment, the materials must balance strength, ventilation, ease of cleaning, and non-toxic safety. Below is a comprehensive breakdown of the best materials used in premium goose cages and why they matter.

Wire Mesh for Ventilation and Durability

Functionality and Benefits

Wire mesh is a preferred material in goose cages due to its excellent airflow properties. Proper ventilation is essential to prevent overheating, reduce humidity, and minimize the buildup of ammonia from droppings—key factors in maintaining respiratory health in geese.

The open design allows for maximum visibility and light penetration, reducing stress in birds during transport or confinement. High-tensile welded wire mesh resists bending and deformation, even under the weight of larger geese or frequent handling.

Material Quality & Specifications

Look for galvanized or powder-coated wire mesh with a gauge between 9 and 12 for optimal strength. Mesh openings typically range from 1” x 1” to 2” x 2” to prevent limb entrapment while ensuring structural integrity. Some premium cages use stainless steel mesh for corrosion resistance in humid or outdoor environments.

Veterinarians and avian experts recommend mesh with smooth edges to avoid feather damage or skin abrasions, especially during transport.

Galvanised Steel for Sturdiness

Structural Strength and Longevity

Galvanised steel forms the backbone of durable goose cages, providing a rigid frame that resists warping, impact, and predator threats. The hot-dip galvanization process coats the steel in a protective layer of zinc, making it highly resistant to rust and corrosion—even in wet or outdoor conditions.

This makes galvanised steel ideal for both mobile transport units and permanent enclosures exposed to rain, mud, or fluctuating temperatures.

Practical Applications

Farmers, breeders, and commercial poultry operations rely on galvanised steel cages for their long service life and low maintenance. These cages can support heavy-duty use over years without compromising safety. The material also allows for modular designs, enabling expandable or stackable configurations.

When combined with secure latches and reinforced corners, galvanised steel ensures geese remain safely contained during transit or in crowded environments.

Plastic Liners for Easy Cleaning

Hygiene and Maintenance

Plastic liners—often made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or polypropylene—are increasingly used in goose cages as removable trays or base panels. These liners create a smooth, non-porous surface that prevents waste absorption and simplifies cleaning.

They can be easily removed, hosed down, or disinfected, significantly reducing the risk of bacterial growth and disease transmission—especially important in biosecurity-sensitive settings.

Cost-Effective and Lightweight Design

While not as structurally strong as metal, plastic is lightweight and affordable, making it ideal for short-term transport cages or supplementary components. It’s also resistant to moisture and does not corrode.

Many hybrid cages use plastic flooring within a steel frame, combining durability with easy sanitation. Ensure the plastic is UV-stabilized if used outdoors to prevent cracking or degradation from sun exposure.

Wood and Metal for Solid Structures

Natural Aesthetics and Insulation

Wooden frames or enclosures are commonly found in backyard or hobbyist setups, offering a natural appearance and good thermal insulation. Wood helps regulate temperature fluctuations, keeping geese more comfortable in extreme weather.

It’s often used for stationary coops or nesting areas where mobility is not a concern.

Reinforcement and Durability

Since geese can be destructive with their strong beaks and feet, pure wood structures are vulnerable to damage. Therefore, quality wooden cages incorporate metal reinforcements—such as steel corners, wire mesh panels, or galvanised brackets—to prevent chewing, kicking, or escape attempts.

All wood should be untreated or sealed with non-toxic, food-safe finishes to avoid chemical exposure. Cedar and pressure-treated lumber should be avoided due to potential toxicity.

Non-Toxic Materials for Health and Safety

  • Chemical-Free Construction: All materials in contact with geese must be free from harmful substances like lead, arsenic, or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This includes paints, sealants, adhesives, and metal coatings.
  • Safe Coatings: If paint or powder coating is used, it must be non-toxic and certified for animal housing. Look for labels such as "food-safe" or "pet-safe" finishes.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Reputable manufacturers follow guidelines from agricultural safety boards or veterinary associations to ensure materials meet animal welfare standards.
  • Odor and Off-Gassing: Poor-quality plastics or treated woods may emit odors that stress birds. Always allow new cages to air out before introducing geese.
  • Material Best For Lifespan Key Advantages Considerations
    Galvanised Steel Durable frames, transport cages, outdoor use 10+ years Extremely strong, rust-resistant, predator-proof Heavier, higher initial cost
    Wire Mesh Walls, doors, ventilation panels 5–8 years Excellent airflow, visibility, secure containment Sharp edges if poorly finished
    Plastic (HDPE) Floor liners, lightweight cages 3–5 years Easy to clean, lightweight, affordable Less durable, not suitable for large geese alone
    Wood (Treated Safely) Stationary coops, nesting boxes 5–7 years Insulating, natural look, comfortable Requires protection from moisture and chewing

    Important: Always inspect goose cages before use for loose parts, sharp edges, or signs of wear. Poorly constructed or degraded materials can lead to injury, escape, or disease outbreaks. Prioritize cages made from non-toxic, rust-resistant, and easy-to-clean materials to ensure the long-term health and safety of your geese. Regular maintenance and cleaning are essential, regardless of material type.

    Whether used for short trips to the vet or long-term housing on a farm, a well-constructed goose cage made from quality materials ensures your birds remain safe, healthy, and stress-free. Investing in durable, hygienic, and animal-safe designs not only protects your geese but also improves overall flock management and operational efficiency.

    Situations for Using Goose Transport Cages

    A goose transport cage is an essential tool for safely moving geese across various scenarios. Whether for commercial, medical, or competitive purposes, the right cage ensures the birds remain secure, calm, and protected from injury. Understanding the specific use case helps in selecting the appropriate size, material, and design for optimal safety and efficiency.

    Transportation by Road

    Road transport is the most common application for goose transport cages. Farmers, breeders, and poultry suppliers rely on durable cages to move geese between farms, markets, auctions, or processing facilities. A well-designed goose pen allows multiple birds to travel together while minimizing stress and physical harm caused by sudden movements or overcrowding.

    • Sturdy, ventilated cages prevent injury during long truck journeys
    • Stackable designs optimize space in transport vehicles
    • Non-slip flooring reduces leg strain and foot injuries
    • Bulk purchasing from manufacturers may offer cost savings—consider contacting suppliers directly for volume discounts

    Key tip: Choose cages with secure latches and smooth interior edges to prevent escape or feather damage.

    Transporting to Veterinary Care

    Pet goose owners and small-scale breeders use transport cages when taking birds to veterinary clinics for routine check-ups, vaccinations, or treatment. These cages provide a controlled environment that prevents wandering in vehicles and reduces anxiety during travel.

    • Smaller, lightweight cages are ideal for individual or few-bird transport
    • Ventilation and visibility help keep geese calm and comfortable
    • Easy-to-clean materials (such as powder-coated metal or plastic) support hygiene after medical visits
    • Soft lining or padding can be added for injured or recovering birds

    Pro tip: Pre-acclimate your geese to the cage at home to reduce stress on vet day.

    Shows and Exhibitions

    Geese are often transported to agricultural shows, poultry exhibitions, and breeding contests. In these settings, appearance and health are crucial, so high-quality transport cages play a key role in maintaining bird condition. Many events have strict regulations regarding cage dimensions, materials, and sanitation.

    • Compliance with show-specific cage requirements avoids entry disqualification
    • Well-ventilated, cleanable cages help maintain feather quality and prevent overheating
    • Durable construction protects birds during loading/unloading at busy venues
    • Presentable, professional-looking cages reflect well on breeders and exhibitors

    Did you know? Healthy, stress-free geese are more likely to perform well and win awards at exhibitions.

    Breeding and Shipping

    Specialty or rare goose breeds are frequently shipped to buyers, breeders, or conservation programs. This requires robust, escape-proof transport solutions that ensure the birds arrive in excellent condition. Safe shipping builds trust and reputation among poultry enthusiasts.

    • Heavy-duty cages with reinforced bars withstand long-distance handling
    • Adequate airflow and protection from weather elements are critical
    • Clear labeling helps carriers handle cages properly (e.g., “Live Animals,” “This Side Up”)
    • Some breeders include food and water ports for extended journeys

    Important: Buyers expect healthy, undamaged birds—investing in quality cages enhances customer satisfaction and repeat business.

    Temporary Housing During Transit

    Transport cages often serve as temporary housing during layovers, market staging, or event check-ins. While not intended for long-term use, they must still provide a safe, secure, and comfortable space for geese between destinations.

    • Proper spacing allows limited movement without risking injury
    • Shaded and elevated placement protects birds from ground moisture and direct sun
    • Frequent monitoring ensures birds remain hydrated and unstressed
    • Ideal for farmers, market vendors, and show organizers needing short-term containment

    Best practice: Avoid overcrowding—provide at least 2–3 square feet per goose depending on size and breed.

    Key Selection Criteria

    Choosing the right goose transport cage depends on the intended use, number of birds, and journey duration. A one-size-fits-all approach rarely works across different scenarios.

    • Material: Powder-coated steel or durable plastic resists rust and wear
    • Ventilation: Mesh sides and top promote airflow and visibility
    • Mobility: Wheels or handles make cages easier to move
    • Security: Locking mechanisms prevent accidental openings
    • Portability: Foldable or modular designs aid storage and transport

    Smart choice: Multi-purpose cages offer flexibility for farmers and hobbyists alike.

    Professional Recommendation: Always inspect cages before use—check for sharp edges, broken welds, or damaged doors. For frequent transport, consider investing in a premium cage with added features like built-in feeders, water bottles, or UV-resistant coatings. When buying in bulk, negotiate with manufacturers for discounts and warranty options to maximize long-term value.

    Use Case Recommended Cage Type Key Features Capacity Guidelines
    Road Transport (Farms) Stackable Metal Pen Reinforced frame, non-slip floor, ventilation panels 5–10 geese per unit (2–3 sq ft per bird)
    Veterinary Visits Lightweight Carry Cage Handles, clear sides, easy-clean surface 1–3 geese
    Shows & Exhibitions Show-Compliant Transport Unit Regulation size, professional finish, secure latches Per event requirements (typically 1–2 birds)
    Breeding/Shipping Heavy-Duty Shipping Crate Reinforced bars, weather protection, labeling zones 1–4 geese (based on size and travel time)
    Temporary Holding Modular Holding Pen Foldable, portable, shaded design Adjustable based on space and duration

    Additional Considerations

    • Animal Welfare: Proper ventilation, space, and protection from extreme temperatures are essential for ethical transport.
    • Hygiene: Clean cages between uses to prevent disease spread—use disinfectants safe for poultry.
    • Regulations: Some regions require specific standards for live animal transport—verify local laws before purchasing.
    • Customization: Some suppliers offer custom cage sizes or branding options for commercial operations.
    • Sustainability: Durable, reusable cages reduce waste compared to disposable alternatives.

    How to Choose the Best Goose Cage: A Complete Buyer’s Guide

    Selecting the right outside goose pen is essential for ensuring the health, safety, and comfort of your birds. A well-designed enclosure not only protects geese from predators and harsh weather but also supports their natural behaviors, such as stretching, turning, and socializing. Whether you're raising geese for farming, exhibition, or as pets, this comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know to make an informed decision. Follow these expert recommendations to choose a durable, secure, and easy-to-maintain goose cage that meets your specific needs.

    Important Note: Geese are large, active birds with strong instincts. An inadequate or poorly constructed pen can lead to stress, injury, or escape. Always prioritize space, durability, and safety when selecting a goose enclosure.

    1. Size: Providing Ample Space for Movement

    The size of the goose cage is the most critical factor in ensuring your birds’ well-being. Geese require enough room to stand upright, stretch their necks fully, flap their wings, turn around comfortably, and lie down without restriction. Cramped conditions can lead to stress, aggression, and weakened immune systems.

    • General Space Guidelines: Allow at least 8–10 square feet per goose in the enclosed pen. Larger breeds like Toulouse or Embden may require up to 12–15 square feet per bird.
    • Height Requirements: The pen should be at least 3 feet high to allow geese to stand and stretch their necks. For taller breeds, consider a height of 4 feet or more.
    • Activity Space: If geese will spend extended time in the pen, provide additional space or access to a larger outdoor run to encourage natural movement and foraging behavior.
    • Breed-Specific Needs: Always research the adult size of your specific breed to ensure the cage accommodates full-grown birds.

    2. Material: Durability and Longevity

    The construction material directly impacts the cage’s lifespan, safety, and resistance to environmental factors. Choose materials based on your climate, budget, and long-term maintenance goals.

    • Galvanized Steel or Powder-Coated Metal: Offers superior strength, rust resistance, and predator protection. Ideal for permanent outdoor setups. More expensive but lasts significantly longer.
    • Heavy-Duty Plastic or Polyethylene: Lightweight and affordable, but less durable in extreme weather. UV-resistant models are available, but prolonged sun exposure can cause brittleness over time.
    • Wooden Frames with Wire Mesh: Aesthetic and insulating, but require regular maintenance to prevent rot and pest infestation. Best used as a supportive structure with metal mesh.
    • Hybrid Designs: Some pens combine metal frames with plastic-coated mesh for balanced durability and cost-effectiveness.

    3. Weather Resistance: Protection from the Elements

    Since geese live outdoors, their enclosure must withstand rain, wind, snow, and intense sunlight. Poor weather resistance can lead to structural damage and health issues such as respiratory infections or heat stress.

    • Roofing: A waterproof, sloped roof prevents water pooling and provides shade. Consider adding a tarp or canopy for extra sun protection in hot climates.
    • Ventilation: Ensure proper airflow to reduce humidity and ammonia buildup while avoiding direct drafts.
    • Wind Stability: Anchor the pen securely using ground stakes or concrete footings, especially in open or windy areas.
    • Winter Readiness: In cold regions, look for insulated panels or the option to add windbreaks. Avoid materials that become brittle in freezing temperatures.

    4. Security Features: Predator Protection and Safety

    A secure goose cage is vital to protect birds from predators such as foxes, raccoons, dogs, and birds of prey. Even small gaps can be exploited by determined animals.

    • Mesh Size: Use wire mesh with openings no larger than 1 inch (preferably ½ inch) to prevent predators from reaching through.
    • Buried Edges: Extend the bottom of the mesh 12–18 inches underground or bend it outward in an “L” shape to deter digging predators.
    • Lockable Access Doors: Equip all entry points with secure latches or padlocks to prevent accidental escapes and unauthorized access.
    • Frame Strength: Ensure the entire structure is rigid and cannot be easily toppled or bent by animals.
    • Regular Inspections: Check for rust, loose fasteners, or damaged mesh weekly to maintain ongoing security.

    5. Ease of Cleaning: Maintaining Hygiene and Health

    A clean pen is essential for preventing disease, parasites, and odor buildup. Geese produce a significant amount of droppings, so the design should facilitate quick and thorough cleaning.

    • Removable Flooring or Trays: Pens with slatted or mesh floors allow waste to fall through, making cleanup easier and improving hygiene.
    • Washable Surfaces: Smooth, non-porous materials can be hosed down or disinfected with minimal effort.
    • Detachable Panels: Some cages feature removable sides or roofs for deep cleaning and bedding replacement.
    • Bedding Management: Use absorbent, non-toxic bedding like straw or wood shavings, and replace it regularly to keep the environment dry and healthy.
    • Drainage: Ensure the pen has slight grading or drainage holes to prevent water accumulation after rain or cleaning.
    Feature Recommended Specification Avoid Ideal For
    Size per Goose 8–15 sq ft depending on breed Less than 6 sq ft All outdoor enclosures
    Material Galvanized metal or UV-resistant plastic Thin wire or untreated wood Long-term use
    Mesh Size ½ to 1 inch Larger than 1 inch Predator protection
    Roof Type Waterproof, sloped, with shade No roof or flimsy cover All climates
    Cleaning Design Removable trays, mesh floor, hosing capability Fixed solid floor, hard-to-reach corners Daily maintenance

    Expert Tip: Consider a modular or expandable goose cage if you plan to grow your flock. These designs allow you to add sections later, saving money and effort in the long run. Also, place the pen in a shaded, well-drained area of your yard to enhance comfort and reduce maintenance.

    Additional Recommendations for Optimal Care

    • Provide fresh water and food containers inside the pen that are spill-resistant and easy to clean.
    • Include a small sheltered area within the pen where geese can retreat from rain or intense sun.
    • Position the cage where geese can see their surroundings—this reduces stress and promotes natural vigilance.
    • Inspect the pen at least once a week for signs of wear, pests, or damage.
    • Choose a design that allows for easy access during feeding, cleaning, and health checks.

    Choosing the right goose cage goes beyond basic shelter—it’s an investment in your birds’ health, safety, and quality of life. By carefully considering size, material, weather resistance, security, and ease of cleaning, you can create a safe and comfortable environment that supports your geese year-round. Whether you're managing a small backyard flock or a larger farm setup, a well-chosen pen makes all the difference in successful goose keeping.

    Frequently Asked Questions About Goose Cage Care and Selection

    Q1: How can one keep the goose cage clean and fresh?

    Maintaining a clean and hygienic environment is essential for the health and well-being of your geese. A dirty cage can lead to bacterial growth, respiratory issues, and stress. Here’s how to keep it fresh:

    • Daily Waste Removal: Remove soiled bedding, droppings, and leftover food every day to prevent odor buildup and pest attraction.
    • Regular Washing: Clean the floor and interior walls of the cage weekly using non-toxic, pet-safe disinfectants. Avoid harsh chemicals that could harm your birds.
    • Bedding Replacement: Use absorbent, dust-free bedding such as straw or wood shavings, and replace it completely every 1–2 weeks or more often in wet conditions.
    • Ventilation: Ensure proper airflow to reduce moisture and ammonia levels, which helps keep the cage smelling fresh and prevents respiratory problems.

    Consistent cleaning not only promotes better health but also makes daily care routines easier over time.

    Q2: How does one pick the right size cage for geese?

    Selecting an appropriately sized cage is crucial for your geese’s comfort, mobility, and long-term health. Geese are active birds that need space to move, stretch their wings, and exhibit natural behaviors.

    • Minimum Space Requirement: Allow at least three square feet per goose, but more space is always better—ideally 4–6 square feet per bird for optimal comfort.
    • Breed Considerations: Larger breeds like Toulouse or Embden require more room than smaller varieties such as Sebastopol.
    • Height and Width: The cage should be tall enough to prevent head injuries and wide enough to allow walking and turning freely without restriction.
    • Multi-Bird Housing: If housing multiple geese, avoid overcrowding. Provide separate feeding and nesting areas to reduce competition and stress.

    A properly sized cage supports healthy development, reduces aggression, and improves overall flock dynamics.

    Q3: Can hardware cloth replace welded wire in goose cages?

    Yes, hardware cloth is a strong and viable alternative to welded wire when building or repairing goose enclosures. Both materials offer protection, but they differ in structure and application:

    Feature Hardware Cloth Welded Wire
    Material Strength Woven galvanized steel; highly flexible and durable Rigid steel mesh with fused intersections; excellent structural integrity
    Mesh Size Options Available in fine gauges (e.g., 1/4" or 1/2"), ideal for small predators Commonly available in 1" x 1" or 2" x 2"; suitable for larger threats
    Predator Protection Superior resistance to chewing and clawing; better for deterring rodents and raccoons Strong but may be pried open if not securely fastened
    Installation Ease Easier to cut and shape around corners and frames Stiffer and harder to manipulate without tools

    Hardware cloth is especially recommended for predator-prone areas due to its tighter weave and flexibility. However, ensure it is securely fastened with staples or screws to prevent tearing.

    Q4: What is the best way to transport a goose cage?

    Safely transporting geese requires careful planning to minimize stress and prevent injury. Whether moving short distances or relocating your flock, follow these best practices:

    • Secure the Geese: Place each bird gently into a well-ventilated transport cage with non-slip flooring. Avoid overcrowding during transit.
    • Stabilize the Cage: Fasten the cage securely in your vehicle to prevent tipping or sliding. Use seatbelts or straps for added safety.
    • Minimize Sudden Movements: Drive smoothly—avoid rapid acceleration, braking, or sharp turns that could injure the birds.
    • Environmental Control: Shield the cage from direct sunlight, wind, and rain. Provide water before travel and consider covering part of the cage to create a calming, darkened space.
    • Travel Duration: For trips over two hours, plan for rest stops where geese can stretch and hydrate in a secure area.

    Proper handling during transport ensures your geese arrive calm, healthy, and ready to adapt to their new environment.

    Q5: When should one buy a goose cage?

    The best time to purchase a goose cage is before you bring your geese home. Planning ahead ensures you have a safe, secure, and comfortable living space ready from day one.

    • New Flock Preparation: Whether you're starting with goslings or adult geese, having a cage or enclosure prepared avoids last-minute stress and unsafe temporary housing.
    • Seasonal Readiness: Buy early in spring before peak demand or during winter sales for better pricing and availability.
    • Customization Time: Purchasing in advance allows time to modify the cage—adding nesting boxes, feeders, or weatherproofing—before occupancy.
    • Emergency Backup: Even if you have a permanent pen, a portable transport cage is valuable for vet visits, predator threats, or relocation needs.

    Investing in a high-quality goose cage today provides immediate benefits in safety, health, and ease of management. Don’t wait—secure your geese’s future with reliable housing now.