Inside Golf R32 Blue: Technical Details, Quality Standards, and Applications

Types of Golf R32: Evolution Across Generations

The Volkswagen Golf R32 is a high-performance variant of the iconic Golf lineup, renowned for its powerful VR6 engine, all-wheel drive, and sport-tuned suspension. Over the years, the R32 badge has evolved across multiple generations, each bringing advancements in performance, technology, and driving dynamics. While "Golf R32 Blue" is sometimes used informally to describe modern R-line or R-badged models with special trim, the true R32 heritage lies in its lineage of VR6-powered hot hatches.

Golf II R32 (Unofficial)

Though not officially branded as R32, enthusiasts often refer to VR6-equipped Golf IIs as such. Based on the 1983 platform, it featured a 2.8L VR6 engine producing ~174 hp, front-wheel drive, and a robust chassis.

Strengths

• Legendary VR6 engine sound
• Durable mechanical design
• Classic hot hatch character
• Highly collectible today

Limits

• Front-wheel drive only
• Outdated safety and tech
• Rare and expensive to maintain

Best for: Classic car enthusiasts, collectors, vintage performance fans

Golf III R32 (Concept)

The Golf III (1991–1997) never received an official R32 model, but prototypes and tuner builds featured the 2.8L VR6. Known for smoother styling and improved refinement over the Mk2.

Strengths

• Refined interior and ride
• Stronger chassis rigidity
• Improved aerodynamics

Limits

• No factory R32 production
• Limited aftermarket support
• Less engaging than Mk2

Best for: Custom builds, VR6 conversion projects

Golf IV R32 (2002–2004)

The first official Golf R32 launched in 2002 with a 3.2L VR6 engine (240 hp), 4Motion all-wheel drive, and a 6-speed DSG dual-clutch transmission. A true milestone in performance hatch history.

Strengths

• First factory AWD Golf performance model
• Smooth, powerful VR6 engine
• Iconic status among enthusiasts
• Excellent handling balance

Limits

• Potential DSG reliability issues
• Higher fuel consumption
• Parts becoming scarce

Best for: Enthusiasts seeking a classic modern R32 with AWD performance

Golf V R32 (2005–2008)

An evolution of the Mk4 R32, featuring the same 3.2L VR6 (250 hp), updated styling, improved interior quality, and refined 4Motion system. Retained the DSG transmission and sport suspension.

Strengths

• More power than Mk4
• Better interior materials
• Improved electronics and reliability
• Smoother DSG calibration

Limits

• Heavier than Mk4
• Less raw driving feel
• Still thirsty for fuel

Best for: Drivers wanting a refined, powerful daily driver with R32 legacy

Golf VI R (2009–2013)

Though branded as "R" instead of R32, this model marked a shift to a 2.0L turbocharged inline-4 (265 hp). Lighter, more efficient, and more agile than its VR6 predecessors.

Strengths

• Superior fuel efficiency
• Lighter weight improves handling
• Strong turbocharged performance
• Better track capability

Limits

• No VR6 engine sound
• Less emotional appeal for purists
• Turbo lag at low RPMs

Best for: Performance-focused drivers who prioritize handling and efficiency

Golf VII R (2013–2020)

The Mk7 R featured a more powerful 2.0L turbo (292 hp), advanced 4Motion AWD, adaptive dampers, and digital cockpit. Often referred to in discussions about "Golf R32 Blue" due to special editions and color options.

Strengths

• High-tech interior with digital dash
• Outstanding performance and grip
• Excellent safety and driver aids
• Available in special colors like Lapiz Blue

Limits

• Fully digital, less mechanical feel
• Higher purchase and repair costs
• Complex software systems

Best for: Tech-savvy drivers who want cutting-edge performance and connectivity

Expert Tip: The term "Golf R32 Blue" often refers to special edition Mk7 R models painted in Lapiz Blue Metallic, a striking color that pays homage to the R32 legacy. True R32 models (Mk4 & Mk5) featured the iconic VR6 engine, while modern R models use turbocharged four-cylinder engines for improved efficiency and performance.

Diverse Features and Design of the Golf R32 Blue

The Volkswagen Golf R32 in its iconic blue finish is more than just a color statement—it’s a symbol of performance heritage, precision engineering, and modern sportiness. The distinctive blue paint, often referred to as "Deep Blue" or "Indigo Blue," shifts in tone depending on lighting, ranging from a vibrant, electric blue in sunlight to a rich, almost navy hue in shadow. This dynamic finish not only enhances curb appeal but also pays homage to Volkswagen’s performance lineage, particularly the legendary Mk4 R32.

Exterior Design: Form Meets Function

Aerodynamic Body Kit

The Golf R32 Blue features a performance-tuned exterior with aggressive yet refined styling cues. Factory-fitted front and rear bumpers are sculpted to optimize airflow, reducing lift and improving high-speed stability. Integrated air dams and side skirts streamline the vehicle’s profile, minimizing turbulence and enhancing fuel efficiency.

The prominent rear spoiler isn’t just for show—it generates essential downforce at highway speeds, improving rear-end grip during cornering and high-speed maneuvers.

Stance and Wheel Design

With a lowered sport suspension and wide-track stance, the R32 commands attention with its planted, aggressive posture. It rolls on exclusive 18-inch alloy wheels, typically finished in a two-tone titanium or gloss black design, wrapped in high-performance summer tires for maximum grip.

The blue brake calipers—often visible behind the spokes—add a subtle yet sporty contrast, reinforcing the vehicle’s performance identity.

Interior: Driver-Centric Performance Cockpit

Premium Materials & Blue Accents

Inside, the Golf R32 Blue continues the theme of performance luxury. The cabin features soft-touch surfaces, brushed aluminum trim, and premium leather or leatherette upholstery. Signature blue stitching appears on the seats, steering wheel, armrests, and gear selector, creating a cohesive visual link to the exterior.

This attention to detail ensures a sporty yet refined atmosphere, blending everyday comfort with track-ready aesthetics.

Ergonomic & Performance-Oriented Layout

The flat-bottomed leather-wrapped steering wheel not only enhances driver ergonomics but also evokes a motorsport feel. The bolstered sport seats provide lateral support during spirited driving, reducing fatigue on winding roads.

Modern R-line models feature a digital cockpit with customizable displays, advanced infotainment with navigation and smartphone integration (Apple CarPlay, Android Auto), and ambient lighting that can be set to complement the blue theme.

Specifications and Maintenance of the Golf R32 Blue

The Golf R32 Blue stands out in the hot hatch segment with a combination of advanced engineering, all-wheel drive capability, and a powerful naturally aspirated VR6 engine. Whether you own a classic Mk4 R32 or a modern interpretation, understanding its technical specifications and maintenance needs is crucial for preserving performance and longevity.

Key Performance Specifications

VR6 Engine & Powertrain

At the heart of the Golf R32 is the 3.2-liter VR6 engine, producing approximately 240 horsepower and 236 lb-ft of torque. This narrow-angle V6 delivers smooth, linear power delivery and a distinctive engine note that sets it apart from turbocharged four-cylinder rivals.

Power is sent through either a 6-speed manual transmission (prized by enthusiasts) or a 6-speed DSG dual-clutch automatic, offering quick shifts and seamless acceleration. The DSG also enables launch control for maximum off-the-line performance.

4Motion All-Wheel Drive System

Volkswagen’s 4Motion AWD system distributes power between the front and rear axles based on traction needs. Under normal conditions, it operates primarily in front-wheel drive for efficiency, but can send up to 50% of torque to the rear wheels when slippage is detected.

This intelligent system enhances grip in wet, snowy, or high-performance driving scenarios, making the R32 both capable in adverse weather and stable at high speeds.

Braking & Handling

The R32 features large ventilated disc brakes at all four corners, with multi-piston calipers up front for superior stopping power. The sport-tuned suspension includes stiffer springs, performance dampers, and upgraded anti-roll bars to minimize body roll.

Electronic Differential Lock (XDS) simulates a limited-slip differential by braking the inner wheel during cornering, improving turn-in response and reducing understeer.

Wheels & Tires

Equipped with 18-inch alloy wheels and performance-oriented tires (typically 225/40 R18), the R32 achieves excellent grip and responsive steering feedback. Tire compound and tread depth should be monitored closely, especially if used for spirited driving or track days.

Essential Maintenance Practices

Important: The Golf R32, especially older models, relies on precise maintenance to avoid costly repairs. The Haldex AWD system requires periodic fluid and filter changes (every 20,000 miles) to prevent failure. Ignoring scheduled maintenance can lead to reduced performance, increased fuel consumption, and potential drivetrain damage. Always consult a qualified technician familiar with Volkswagen performance models for service and upgrades.

Scenarios of the Volkswagen Golf R32 in Blue

The Volkswagen Golf R32 in its iconic blue finish represents the perfect fusion of performance, practicality, and visual appeal. More than just a sports compact, this AWD turbocharged hatchback seamlessly transitions between everyday responsibilities and exhilarating driving experiences. Its distinctive Atlantic Blue (or similar factory shade) not only enhances its aggressive stance but also adds a layer of sophistication that resonates across diverse lifestyles. Whether navigating city streets or carving mountain roads, the R32 proves its versatility in a wide range of real-world scenarios.

Daily Driving Excellence

The Golf R32 shines as a remarkably capable daily driver, blending comfort with confidence-inspiring performance. Its 3.2L VR6 engine delivers smooth, responsive power ideal for urban commutes and highway cruising, while the 4Motion all-wheel-drive system provides superior traction during rainy conditions or light winter weather—making it a reliable year-round vehicle.

• All-Weather Confidence: AWD traction improves stability on wet or slippery surfaces, reducing the risk of skidding in adverse conditions
• Efficient Power Delivery: The VR6 engine offers strong low-end torque, minimizing gear changes in stop-and-go traffic
• Professional Aesthetic: The deep blue hue projects a refined, modern image suitable for business environments or formal settings
• Driver Comfort: Sport seats with ample support reduce fatigue during long commutes, while the cabin remains quiet at highway speeds

Pro Insight: The R32’s compact size makes it easy to park in urban areas, while its elevated driving position improves visibility in traffic.

Weekend Getaways & Road Trips

Far from being a one-dimensional performance car, the Golf R32 offers surprising comfort and utility for extended journeys. With seating for five and a 13.5 cubic foot trunk (expandable with 60/40 rear seats), it accommodates luggage for weekend adventures with ease.

• Long-Distance Comfort: Adaptive damping (on later models) or sport-tuned suspension balances firm handling with ride compliance over rough pavement
• Entertainment & Connectivity: Premium audio systems and available navigation keep passengers engaged on long drives
• Fuel Efficiency: Despite its performance, the R32 achieves around 22-25 mpg combined, allowing for extended range between fill-ups
• Highway Stability: Aerodynamic design and AWD contribute to a planted, secure feel at sustained speeds

Travel Tip: Pack smart—use roof racks or cargo boxes for bulky outdoor gear without sacrificing interior space.

Sporty Driving & Enthusiast Engagement

At the heart of the R32’s identity is its performance pedigree. The 240-horsepower VR6 engine, paired with a 6-speed manual or DSG transmission, delivers exhilarating acceleration (0–60 mph in ~6 seconds), while the AWD system and limited-slip differential provide exceptional grip through corners.

• Track-Ready Dynamics: Responsive steering, stiff chassis, and high-performance brakes make it a favorite at driving events or autocross
• Driver Engagement: The manual gearbox encourages active participation, enhancing the driving experience
• Visual Impact: The blue finish, especially when paired with factory 18” wheels and subtle badging, commands attention at car meets
• Modding Potential: A vast aftermarket supports upgrades like ECU tuning, exhaust systems, and suspension kits for enhanced track performance

Performance Note: Regular use of higher-octane fuel maintains optimal engine performance and throttle response.

Outdoor Adventures & Light Exploration

Thanks to its all-wheel-drive system and elevated ground clearance (compared to sedans), the R32 handles unpaved roads and mild off-pavement conditions with confidence—perfect for reaching trailheads, lakeside campsites, or rural destinations.

• Gravel & Dirt Road Capability: AWD distributes power to wheels with traction, improving grip on loose surfaces
• Durable Build Quality: Volkswagen’s engineering ensures resilience against road debris and minor impacts from uneven terrain
• Compact Agility: Its small footprint allows access to narrow forest roads or tight parking spots where larger SUVs struggle
• All-Season Readiness: With proper tires (all-season or all-weather), the R32 can handle snow-covered mountain passes or muddy forest tracks

Adventure Prep: Consider installing roof rails or a bike rack to transport kayaks, bikes, or camping gear.

Social & Enthusiast Events

The blue Golf R32 is more than a car—it's a conversation starter. Its rare status (especially in North America), distinctive color, and cult following make it a standout at car shows, VW meets, and performance gatherings.

• Community Magnet: Owners often form instant connections with fellow enthusiasts, sharing tips on maintenance and modifications
• Show-Stopping Appeal: The combination of factory blue paint, OEM+ wheels, and clean lines draws admiration even among modified builds
• Heritage Recognition: As a predecessor to the modern Golf R, the R32 is respected as a pioneer of hot hatch AWD performance
• Photogenic Design: The sleek hatchback profile and aggressive stance make it a favorite subject for automotive photography

Social Advantage: Join online forums or local VW clubs to connect with communities and participate in organized drives.

Ownership Lifestyle & Long-Term Value

Beyond driving scenarios, owning a blue Golf R32 offers a unique ownership experience rooted in reliability, emotional connection, and potential appreciation.

• Resale & Collectibility: Well-maintained R32s are increasingly sought after, with clean examples holding or increasing in value
• Low Ownership Costs: Compared to luxury performance cars, parts and service are relatively affordable, especially within the VW community
• Emotional Reward: The analog driving experience and distinctive VR6 exhaust note create a deep emotional bond with the driver
• Timeless Design: Its early-2000s styling has aged gracefully, avoiding the "dated tech" look of some contemporaries

Ownership Tip: Maintain service records and original components to preserve authenticity and value.

Expert Insight: The blue Golf R32 transcends typical vehicle categorization—it’s equally at home in a corporate parking lot, on a mountain pass, or at a weekend car show. Its enduring appeal lies in this versatility: a true driver’s car that doesn’t sacrifice practicality. For owners, it’s not just transportation, but a lifestyle statement that balances performance, elegance, and adventure in one cohesive package.

Why Blue Stands Out

• Color Psychology: Blue conveys trust, confidence, and calmness—qualities that align with the R32’s balanced performance character
• Visibility & Maintenance: Dark blue hides minor scratches better than silver or white but requires regular waxing to maintain depth
• Rarity Factor: Factory blue R32s are less common than black or silver, increasing their desirability among collectors
• Aftermarket Appeal: Blue complements a wide range of wheel finishes (silver, gunmetal, bronze) and tinted windows
• Timeless Elegance: Unlike flashy neon hues, blue maintains a sophisticated look that ages well over time

Buying a Volkswagen Golf R32: A Strategic Guide for Smart Investment

The Volkswagen Golf R32 Blue is more than just a performance hatchback—it's a modern classic that blends driving excitement with practicality. As demand for well-preserved R32 models continues to rise, especially among enthusiasts and collectors, making an informed purchase decision is essential. This comprehensive guide outlines the key strategic considerations to help you select the right Golf R32 Blue for your needs and ensure strong long-term value retention.

Important Note: The Golf R32 was produced from 2003–2008 (Mk4) and briefly revived in 2012–2013 (Mk6). Ensure you're evaluating the correct generation, as specifications, reliability concerns, and market values differ significantly between models.

Key Factors to Consider When Buying a Golf R32 Blue

• Budget Planning & Market Value Assessment

  Establish a realistic budget that accounts for not only the purchase price but also potential maintenance, insurance, and restoration costs. Prices for a well-maintained Golf R32 Blue can range from $12,000 to over $30,000 depending on mileage, condition, service history, and model year. Earlier Mk4 models tend to be more affordable, while low-mileage Mk6 examples command premium prices due to their updated technology and improved reliability.

  Factor in the cost of specialized parts—such as VR6 engine components, Haldex all-wheel-drive system parts, and OEM wheels—which can be expensive and sometimes difficult to source. Consider allocating 10–15% of your budget for immediate post-purchase servicing.

• Primary Usage and Driving Lifestyle

  The Golf R32 Blue excels as both a daily driver and a weekend performance machine. Its compact size, practical hatchback layout, and all-weather AWD capability make it ideal for city commuting and highway cruising. At the same time, the 240 hp 3.2L VR6 engine delivers exhilarating performance when desired.

  Determine whether you plan to use the car for spirited driving, car shows, track days, or simply as a reliable yet engaging daily vehicle. This will influence your choice of condition (stock vs. modified), tire type, and required maintenance level.

• New vs. Pre-Owned Decision

  Since the Golf R32 is no longer in production, all available models are pre-owned. However, understanding the implications of buying used is critical. Prioritize vehicles with complete service records, minimal ownership history, and no major accidents.

  A thorough vehicle history report (via Carfax, AutoCheck, or VIN-specific dealer records) should reveal past repairs, title status, and maintenance logs. Look for consistent oil changes, Haldex clutch replacements (every 20,000 miles), and timing chain inspections—common failure points in high-mileage examples.

• Engine Health and Performance Modifications

  The heart of the R32 is its 3.2-liter VR6 engine, known for smooth power delivery and a distinctive exhaust note. However, this engine requires diligent maintenance. Key areas to inspect include:

  • Timing chain tensioner and guides (prone to wear after 80,000 miles)
  • Oil consumption issues (common in older VR6 engines)
  • Coolant system integrity (check for leaks around the water pump and thermostat housing)
  • Intake manifold runner flaps (can fail and cause driveability issues)

  Aftermarket modifications such as ECU tuning, upgraded exhausts, or forced induction kits can enhance performance but may compromise reliability and resale value. Document all modifications and verify professional installation.

• Interior Condition and Feature Set

  The R32 features premium touches like Recaro sport seats, aluminum trim, and a premium sound system. Inspect the interior for signs of wear—especially on bolsters, steering wheel, and gear knob. Originality is highly valued among collectors.

  Ensure all electronic features function properly: climate control, infotainment system, power windows, and driver assistance systems (on Mk6 models). Non-functional components can be costly to repair due to outdated or discontinued parts.

  If refurbishment is needed, budget for reupholstering, trim replacement, or HVAC repairs, which can add $1,000–$3,000 depending on scope.

• Exterior Paint and Body Integrity

  The iconic Deep Blue Metallic (Lapiz Blue) is synonymous with the R32 and highly sought after. However, this paint is prone to fading and requires regular waxing and paint protection to maintain its luster.

  Inspect for:

  • Color-matched repairs or overspray (indicator of prior damage)
  • Clear coat delamination or orange peel texture
  • Door edge chips and stone damage
  • Frame or unibody alignment (ask for a professional inspection if suspicious)

  Repainting an entire panel or full car in factory-spec blue can cost $3,000–$6,000, so a well-preserved original finish significantly boosts value.

• Wheels, Tires, and Braking System

  The R32 comes equipped with distinctive 18-inch "Tornado" alloy wheels (Mk4) or "Talon" design (Mk6). Verify that the wheels are original and free from curb rash or structural damage.

  Tire tread depth should be even and above 4/32" for safe all-weather performance. Uneven wear may indicate alignment or suspension issues. Use only high-performance summer or all-season tires rated for the R32’s speed capability (V or ZR-rated).

  Inspect brake components: pads, rotors, and calipers. The Brembo front brakes on Mk6 models are particularly desirable. Look for excessive wear or vibration during braking, which could signal warped rotors or seized calipers.

• Suspension: Springs, Shocks, and Handling Dynamics

  The R32 features performance-tuned suspension with lowered sport springs and gas-pressurized shocks. These components degrade over time, leading to reduced handling precision and ride comfort.

  Check for:

  • Leaking shock absorbers
  • Broken or sagging springs
  • Worn control arm bushings or ball joints
  • Excessive body roll or bottoming out over bumps

  Replacing the full suspension setup with OEM or high-quality aftermarket parts (e.g., Bilstein, KW) can cost $1,500–$2,500 but dramatically improves driving dynamics and longevity.

Pro Tip: Always conduct a pre-purchase inspection (PPI) with a Volkswagen-specialty mechanic before finalizing the purchase. A $200–$300 inspection can save thousands in hidden repair costs and provide peace of mind about the vehicle’s true condition.

Maintenance & Ownership Tips for Long-Term Value

• Follow a strict maintenance schedule: oil changes every 5,000 miles, Haldex service every 20,000 miles, and timing chain inspection by 80,000 miles
• Store the vehicle in a climate-controlled garage when possible to preserve paint and interior
• Drive the car regularly to prevent seals from drying and fluids from stagnating
• Keep all service records organized and digitized for future resale
• Join R32 owner forums (e.g., VWVortex, Reddit r/vw) for community support, parts sourcing, and event opportunities

Investing in a Golf R32 Blue is not just about owning a high-performance hatchback—it's about joining a passionate community and preserving a piece of automotive history. With careful selection, proper maintenance, and attention to detail, your R32 can deliver years of driving enjoyment and potentially appreciate in value over time. Whether you're a first-time buyer or a seasoned enthusiast, taking a strategic approach ensures you get the most out of this iconic Volkswagen.

Frequently Asked Questions About Volkswagen Golf R and R32 Models

No, the Golf R is not limited to blue. While the iconic Deep Black Pearl and Blue Dune Metallic finishes have become signature colors—especially in performance marketing—the Golf R has been offered in a diverse range of exterior colors across model years.

Modern Golf R trims typically include options such as:

• White – Pure White or Glacier White for a clean, sporty look
• Gray – Lapiz Blue, Carbon Steel Gray, or Graphite Gray for a modern, understated presence
• Black – Deep Black Pearl or Reflex Silver for a sleek, aggressive stance
• Blue – Lapiz Blue or Cornflower Blue, which pay homage to Volkswagen’s performance heritage

The perception that all Golf Rs are blue stems from the brand’s strategic use of blue in promotional material and limited-edition runs, reinforcing its association with the R-line’s high-performance identity.

While "debatable" might suggest controversy, the **Volkswagen Golf R32** is widely celebrated as a landmark in hot hatch history—though its legacy does spark passionate discussions among enthusiasts.

Introduced in the early 2000s, the R32 featured:

• A 3.2L VR6 engine producing 240 horsepower
• 4Motion all-wheel drive for superior traction
• A top speed of 153 mph and 0–60 mph in under 6 seconds—impressive for its era
• Distinctive design cues, including dual exhausts and R32 badging

Its enduring appeal lies in its balance of daily drivability and track-ready performance. The frequent use of blue paint options like Blue Silk Metallic and Indigo Blue has further elevated its cult status, making it a sought-after classic. Today, well-maintained R32 models are considered collector’s items, with values steadily rising in the used market.

Yes, a blue Golf GTI—particularly in certain trims and model years—is considered rare and highly desirable among collectors.

While the GTI has long offered red and black as standard colors, blue variants have been limited to special editions or regional markets, such as:

• GTI Clubsport – Offered in exclusive shades like Tornado Red and Deep Black, with rare blue options in select European markets
• GTI Rabbit Edition – A nostalgic nod to the original, with minimal blue availability
• GTI North American models (Mk5–Mk7) – Blue Dune and Cornflower Blue were low-volume choices, making surviving examples uncommon

The blue GTI symbolizes a direct lineage to the performance roots of the R and R32 models. Its scarcity, combined with emotional appeal and heritage styling, makes it a prized possession for Volkswagen enthusiasts and a potential future classic.

By modern performance benchmarks, the Golf R32 may not top the charts, but it remains an engaging and spirited driver’s car—especially on twisty roads.

Performance highlights include:

• Top Speed: 153 mph (electronically limited)
• 0–60 mph: Approximately 5.8 seconds (Mk5 R32)
• Engine: Smooth, high-revving 3.2L VR6 with 240 hp and 236 lb-ft of torque
• Drivetrain: 4Motion AWD provides excellent grip and balanced handling

Though newer Golf Rs produce over 300 horsepower and feature advanced electronics, the R32 stands out for its analog driving feel, linear power delivery, and compact size. On mountain passes or winding backroads, it still delivers an exhilarating experience that many modern cars lack due to increased weight and complexity.

Yes, blue Golf R models are available for purchase through both new and pre-owned channels.

New Models: Volkswagen periodically offers the Golf R in striking blue finishes such as:

• Lapiz Blue Metallic – A vibrant, modern shade featured on recent Mk8 models
• Cornflower Blue – A throwback hue offered in limited runs

Used Market: Older Mk7 and Mk6 Golf Rs in blue are available through certified dealerships, online marketplaces, and specialty importers. Additionally, used R32 models in blue—especially European-spec versions—are highly collectible and often listed at premium prices.

Tips for buyers:

• Check VIN and service history for maintenance records
• Verify authenticity of special edition colors
• Consider climate and rust history, especially for imported models

Whether you're after a brand-new performance hatch or a vintage R32 with classic blue flair, multiple options exist for enthusiasts seeking this iconic color combination.