CommercialToolry

All About Driver Umbrella: Specifications, Performance, and Common Uses

Types of Driver Umbrellas

A driver umbrella is a specialized accessory designed to provide protection from rain, wind, and sunlight while entering, exiting, or operating a vehicle. Unlike standard umbrellas, driver umbrellas are engineered for convenience, durability, and integration with automotive use. Whether you're dealing with sudden downpours, intense UV exposure, or gusty weather, there's a driver umbrella tailored to your needs.

This guide explores the most common types of driver umbrellas, detailing their features, benefits, and ideal use cases to help you choose the best option for your driving conditions and lifestyle.

Compact or Foldable Driver Umbrellas

Designed for maximum portability, these umbrellas are lightweight and collapsible, making them perfect for storage in tight spaces like glove compartments, door pockets, or under seats.

Advantages
  • Extremely portable and space-saving
  • One-button automatic open/close mechanism
  • Easy one-handed operation—ideal for drivers
  • Durable yet lightweight materials
  • Quick access during sudden rain
Limitations
  • Smaller canopy offers limited coverage
  • Less wind resistance than larger models
  • May require frequent replacement due to compact mechanisms

Best for: Urban commuters, daily drivers, and anyone prioritizing convenience and ease of storage

Wind-Resistant Driver Umbrellas

Built to endure harsh weather, these umbrellas feature reinforced frames and aerodynamic designs that prevent inversion during strong gusts, making them reliable in stormy conditions.

Advantages
  • Flexible, shock-absorbing frame resists breakage
  • Double canopy or vented design reduces wind pressure
  • Inverted mechanism prevents flipping inside out
  • Durable materials like fiberglass ribs enhance longevity
  • Ideal for coastal or storm-prone areas
Limitations
  • Heavier than standard umbrellas
  • May be slightly bulkier to store
  • Higher cost due to advanced engineering

Best for: Drivers in windy regions, coastal areas, or those frequently caught in storms

Canopy-Through-Window Umbrellas

These innovative umbrellas are designed to extend through a partially open car window, shielding the driver while allowing ventilation and maintaining visibility.

Advantages
  • Allows airflow while staying dry
  • Prevents fogging of windows during rain
  • Enables communication with passengers or toll booth operators
  • Reduces interior moisture buildup
  • Hands-free or semi-fixed installation options
Limitations
  • Limited compatibility with certain window mechanisms
  • May require custom fitting for different vehicles
  • Less effective in heavy crosswinds

Best for: Delivery drivers, taxi operators, and anyone needing frequent entry/exit in rainy conditions

Full-Coverage Car Umbrellas

These large-scale umbrellas offer maximum protection by covering not just the driver, but also passengers and parts of the vehicle’s interior, functioning almost like a temporary awning.

Advantages
  • Protects multiple passengers simultaneously
  • Covers door sills and interior from rain
  • Can be mounted or freestanding for stability
  • Useful for loading/unloading in bad weather
  • Versatile for outdoor events or curbside service
Limitations
  • Bulky and less portable
  • Requires more storage space
  • May need setup time before use

Best for: Families, service professionals, and outdoor workers needing broad protection

UV-Protection Car Umbrellas

Engineered specifically to block harmful ultraviolet radiation, these umbrellas feature reflective coatings and high UPF-rated fabrics to keep both occupants and interiors cool and safe.

Advantages
  • Blocks up to 99% of UV rays (UPF 50+)
  • Reflective silver or metallic coating reduces heat absorption
  • Helps prevent interior fading and dashboard cracking
  • Improves comfort during hot weather
  • Protects skin health for long-term drivers
Limitations
  • May be less effective in rainy conditions unless dual-purpose
  • Higher price point due to specialized materials
  • Some models may be heavier due to coating layers

Best for: Drivers in sunny climates, long-distance travelers, and those concerned with sun safety and car maintenance

Type Portability Weather Resistance Coverage Area Best Use Case
Compact/Foldable Excellent Good Driver only Daily commuting, quick trips
Wind-Resistant Good Excellent Driver + partial passenger Stormy or coastal regions
Through-Window Fair Good Driver-focused Frequent entry/exit in rain
Full-Coverage Fair Very Good Driver, passengers, interior Family use, loading/unloading
UV-Protection Good Fair (sun only) Driver + passenger side Sunny climates, heat protection

Expert Tip: For maximum versatility, consider a dual-purpose umbrella that combines UV protection with water resistance. Look for models with a silver-coated canopy and a wind-resistant frame to handle both sunny and rainy conditions effectively.

Design of Driver Umbrella: Functionality, Durability, and Convenience

When driving in wet conditions, a well-designed umbrella can make a significant difference in comfort, safety, and convenience. The ideal driver umbrella is engineered to meet the unique challenges of automotive use—balancing durability, ease of operation, and practicality in confined spaces. Key design elements such as frame construction, opening mechanism, handle ergonomics, and water containment features all contribute to a seamless user experience during rainy commutes or sudden downpours.

Frame Construction: Strength Meets Flexibility

The frame is the backbone of any high-performance umbrella, especially for those used by drivers who face unpredictable weather and wind conditions. Premium driver umbrellas typically combine fiberglass ribs with reinforced metal shafts to achieve an optimal balance between resilience and flexibility.

Fiberglass Ribs

Fiberglass offers superior flexibility, allowing the umbrella to bend under strong gusts without snapping—a critical feature when exiting or entering a vehicle in stormy weather. Unlike rigid steel, fiberglass absorbs impact and returns to its original shape, reducing long-term wear and increasing lifespan.

Metal Reinforcement

While fiberglass provides flexibility, metal components (often aluminum or stainless steel) add structural integrity. These materials help maintain the canopy’s shape during heavy rain and prevent inversion. A hybrid design ensures the umbrella remains both wind-resistant and durable over time.

Additionally, many driver umbrellas feature a double canopy design, which creates an air pocket between layers to further resist wind uplift and improve aerodynamic stability.

Automatic vs. Manual Opening: Choosing the Right Mechanism

The opening mechanism significantly affects usability, particularly in tight spaces like car doors or parking lots. Both automatic and manual options have distinct advantages depending on user preference and driving habits.

Feature Automatic Opening Manual Opening
Convenience One-touch spring-loaded button allows instant deployment—ideal for quick exits in heavy rain Requires two hands and more time to open; less convenient in urgent situations
Durability More complex internal mechanism may wear out faster with frequent use Simpler design with fewer moving parts; generally more long-lasting
Cost Typically more expensive due to mechanical components More affordable and budget-friendly
Storage Size Often slightly bulkier due to spring mechanism Can be slimmer and easier to store in door pockets or glove compartments

Best Use Case: Automatic umbrellas are ideal for professionals or frequent drivers who need fast access. Manual umbrellas suit users prioritizing longevity and simplicity.

Handle Types: Ergonomics for Driving Conditions

The handle is more than just a grip—it plays a vital role in control, comfort, and safe usage while transitioning from car to destination. Different handle styles offer unique benefits:

Straight Handle

Offers a classic, lightweight design that’s easy to store. Best for users who prefer a neutral grip and don’t require extended use. However, it may be less secure in slippery conditions.

Curved (Crook) Handle

Designed to hang naturally from the arm or wrist, this ergonomic shape allows hands-free carrying and better balance when holding keys or bags. Often made from polished wood or synthetic materials for improved grip.

T-Handle (Pistol Grip)

Provides maximum control and stability, mimicking the feel of a steering wheel. Ideal for windy environments or users with reduced hand strength. Its secure grip reduces the chance of dropping the umbrella during entry/exit from the vehicle.

For driver-specific models, the T-handle is increasingly popular due to its intuitive design and enhanced safety profile.

Inverted Umbrellas: The Smart Solution for Wet Vehicles

One of the most innovative advancements in driver umbrella design is the inverted (reverse-fold) umbrella. Unlike traditional umbrellas that fold outward, inverted models collapse inward—trapping moisture inside the canopy.

  • Water Containment: When closed, rainwater is held within the umbrella, preventing drips on seats, clothing, or floor mats. This keeps the car interior dry and reduces cleanup time.
  • Easy Entry/Exit: Drivers can open the umbrella before stepping out and close it upon re-entry without getting wet or soaking the cabin.
  • Compact Storage: Many inverted umbrellas come with protective sleeves or pouches that contain residual moisture, making them ideal for glove compartments or side doors.
  • Hygiene & Cleanliness: By minimizing contact with wet surfaces, these umbrellas reduce the spread of dirt and bacteria inside the vehicle.
  • Inverted umbrellas are now considered a must-have for commuters, ride-share drivers, and anyone seeking a cleaner, more efficient solution for rainy-day travel.

    Pro Tip: Always allow your umbrella to dry partially before storing it in the car. Even with inverted designs, prolonged moisture can lead to mold, mildew, or unpleasant odors. Consider using a quick-dry microfiber cover or storing the umbrella in a ventilated container to extend its life and maintain vehicle cleanliness.

    How to Choose the Right Driver Umbrella

    Selecting the ideal driver umbrella involves more than just weather protection—it's about convenience, safety, and compatibility with your vehicle and lifestyle. Whether you're a daily commuter or an occasional driver, understanding key selection criteria ensures you stay dry, protected, and compliant with regulations. Below is a comprehensive guide to help buyers make informed decisions when choosing an automotive umbrella.

    Weather Compatibility

    The climate and typical weather patterns in your region should heavily influence your choice. A driver in a rainy, coastal city faces different challenges than someone in a hot, sunny inland area.

    • Rain-prone areas: Look for umbrellas with reinforced canopies made from water-resistant, quick-drying fabrics like pongee or polyester with a Teflon coating
    • Windy conditions: Choose wind-resistant designs with vented canopies or double-layered fabric to prevent inversion
    • Sunny climates: Opt for UV-protective umbrellas with UPF 50+ ratings to shield from harmful sun exposure during entry and exit
    • Cold or mixed weather: Consider water-repellent, insulated models that resist freezing and maintain flexibility in low temperatures

    Pro tip: Dual-purpose umbrellas combining UV protection and waterproofing offer year-round versatility

    Size and Coverage

    The right size ensures maximum protection for both the driver and the vehicle’s interior, preventing water from soaking seats or floor mats.

    • Compact vehicles (sedans, hatchbacks): Smaller, lightweight umbrellas (around 38–42 inches) are easier to store and deploy without obstruction
    • Larger vehicles (SUVs, trucks, vans): Full-coverage models (48+ inches) provide better protection, especially for taller drivers or when exiting on the passenger side
    • Family or cargo use: Extra-wide canopies help shield children, pets, or groceries during rainy exits
    • Storage space: Collapsible or folding designs save space in door pockets, under seats, or in glove compartments

    Key consideration: Balance coverage with portability—oversized umbrellas may be effective but harder to store and handle

    Mounting Options

    How the umbrella attaches to your vehicle determines ease of use, stability, and long-term reliability.

    • Canopy-through-window: Requires the driver’s window to be slightly open; simple to install but may not be suitable for vehicles with auto-close features or in cold climates where windows must stay closed
    • Suction cup mounts: Attach securely to windows or roof edges; ideal for temporary use but may lose grip in extreme heat or cold
    • Telescopic arm mounts: Extend from door frames or roof rails, offering superior stability and wind resistance; often used in commercial or fleet vehicles
    • Magnetic or rail-mounted systems: Designed for vehicles with roof racks or metal frames; provide a secure, tool-free attachment

    Installation note: Always clean mounting surfaces thoroughly and check adhesion regularly to prevent detachment

    Automated Features

    Modern driver umbrellas increasingly include smart features that enhance usability, especially in challenging conditions.

    • Auto-open mechanism: Deploys the canopy with the push of a button or remote, freeing hands for bags, keys, or children
    • Auto-close and self-rolling: Retracts the umbrella automatically, reducing mess and exposure to wet fabric
    • Remote control or key fob integration: Allows activation from inside the vehicle before opening the door
    • Sensor-based activation: Some premium models open automatically when the door is unlocked or opened
    • Battery-powered systems: Ensure reliable operation; look for models with long-life rechargeable batteries and low-battery alerts

    Convenience factor: Automated umbrellas are especially beneficial for elderly drivers, parents, or those with mobility limitations

    Compliance with Regulations

    Safety and legal compliance are critical—some jurisdictions regulate aftermarket vehicle accessories to prevent hazards.

    • Visibility concerns: Ensure the umbrella does not obstruct side mirrors, windows, or blind spots when deployed
    • Traffic laws: In some regions, permanently mounted accessories may require approval or inspection
    • Wind safety: Check that the umbrella won’t become a projectile in high winds or during highway driving
    • Insurance implications: Unapproved modifications could affect coverage in the event of an accident
    • Public space rules: In urban areas, extended canopies should not impede sidewalks or pedestrian traffic

    Legal tip: Consult local DMV guidelines or vehicle modification laws before installing permanent systems

    Material Quality & Durability

    Long-term performance depends on build quality and resistance to wear, UV exposure, and corrosion.

    • Frame materials: Fiberglass or reinforced aluminum resists bending and corrosion better than plastic
    • Canopy fabric: Look for ripstop nylon or polyester with anti-fade and water-beading treatments
    • Joints and hinges: Reinforced connections improve longevity, especially in automated models
    • Weather sealing: Gaskets and waterproof casings protect electronic components in motorized systems
    • Corrosion resistance: Stainless steel or coated hardware prevents rust in humid or coastal environments

    Durability check: Choose products with IP-rated enclosures for moisture and dust resistance

    Professional Recommendation: For most drivers, a mid-range automated umbrella with UV and water resistance, suction or telescopic mounting, and manual override is the optimal balance of convenience, safety, and value. Test the deployment mechanism in real-world conditions before committing, and always prioritize models with strong customer reviews and warranty support.

    Driver Profile Recommended Type Key Features Best Use Case
    Urban commuter (small car) Compact, window-mounted Lightweight, manual open/close Daily rain protection, easy storage
    Family driver (SUV/minivan) Full-coverage, telescopic arm Wide canopy, auto-open Protecting children and cargo
    Professional driver (taxi, rideshare) Heavy-duty, automated Remote control, durable frame Frequent use, all-weather reliability
    Senior or mobility-limited Hands-free smart umbrella Sensor activation, self-rolling Independence and safety in wet weather

    Additional Considerations

    • Warranty & Support: Reputable brands offer 1–2 year warranties on motors and mechanisms, reflecting product confidence
    • Ease of Maintenance: Removable canopies and accessible batteries simplify cleaning and repairs
    • Aesthetic Integration: Choose colors and designs that match your vehicle’s exterior for a sleek, factory-like appearance
    • Environmental Impact: Look for recyclable materials and energy-efficient motors in automated systems
    • Installation Complexity: DIY kits are available, but professional installation ensures alignment and safety for permanent mounts

    Scenarios of Driver Umbrella Usage

    An umbrella designed for use with vehicles—often referred to as a "driver umbrella"—is more than just a rain shield. It's a practical tool that enhances comfort, safety, and professionalism in various driving contexts. Whether you're a daily commuter or operate a commercial fleet, the right umbrella can make a significant difference when stepping in and out of your car during inclement weather. This guide explores the most common and impactful scenarios where a vehicle-friendly umbrella proves invaluable.

    Important Note: While traditional handheld umbrellas offer basic protection, driver-specific umbrellas are engineered for automotive use—featuring compact storage, quick deployment, drip-free designs, and even mounting capabilities. Choosing the right type for your driving habits ensures maximum utility and convenience.

    Daily Commuting

    For individuals who drive to work or school every day, encountering unpredictable weather is inevitable. A reliable driver umbrella ensures a dry and comfortable transition from car to destination, even during sudden downpours or persistent drizzles. Since space inside a vehicle is limited, commuters should prioritize compact, auto-open models that fit easily in door pockets, glove compartments, or under seats.

    • Compact Design: Choose foldable or mini umbrellas that balance portability with adequate canopy coverage (typically 40–44 inches when open).
    • Quick Access: Store the umbrella within arm’s reach—such as in the driver’s door pocket—for immediate use upon arrival.
    • Durable Materials: Look for water-resistant canopies made from pongee fabric or Teflon-coated polyester to withstand frequent exposure.
    • Ergonomic Handle: A non-slip grip ensures control during windy conditions and easy handling with one hand.

    Pro Tip: Keep a small towel or microfiber cloth in your car to wipe off a wet umbrella before storing it—this prevents mold, mildew, and interior dampness.

    Long-Distance Travel

    On extended road trips or business travel, weather conditions can change rapidly across regions. A high-performance umbrella becomes essential for maintaining comfort and safety when exiting the vehicle at rest stops, hotels, or client meetings. In these situations, durability and weather resistance are paramount.

    • Wind Resistance: Opt for umbrellas with reinforced fiberglass ribs and vented canopies that allow wind to pass through, reducing inversion risk.
    • Full Coverage: Larger canopies (48+ inches) provide better protection for both the driver and any luggage being unloaded.
    • Inverted (Reverse-Fold) Design: These umbrellas close inside-out, keeping the wet surface contained and preventing water from dripping inside the car or onto clothing.
    • Corrosion-Resistant Frame: Aluminum or fiberglass frames resist rust and degradation from prolonged exposure to moisture.

    Travel Hack: Pack a travel-sized umbrella bag to store your wet umbrella separately from other belongings, keeping your suitcase or trunk dry.

    Ride-Sharing or Taxi Services

    Professional drivers in ride-sharing (e.g., Uber, Lyft) or taxi services interact with passengers daily. A high-quality umbrella not only protects the driver but also enhances customer experience by shielding passengers during entry and exit—especially those carrying children, groceries, or sensitive electronics.

    • Auto-Open Mechanism: One-touch opening allows rapid deployment, crucial when assisting passengers in sudden rain.
    • Passenger-Focused Coverage: Wide, domed canopies ensure both driver and passenger are protected while moving between sidewalk and vehicle.
    • UV Protection: Many modern umbrellas feature UPF 50+ coating, offering dual protection against rain and harmful sun rays—ideal for hot climates or midday pickups.
    • Branding Opportunity: Some services use custom-printed umbrellas with logos or safety messages, adding a professional touch.

    Service Tip: Offering to hold the umbrella for passengers builds trust and improves ratings—small gestures make a big difference in customer satisfaction.

    Commercial Fleets

    For companies managing delivery vans, service vehicles, or corporate fleets, equipping each vehicle with a standardized umbrella solution improves operational efficiency and employee well-being. These umbrellas must be durable, easily accessible, and designed for repeated daily use in all weather conditions.

    • Vehicle-Mounted Umbrellas: Magnetic or suction-cup-mounted models attach securely to the roof or door frame, freeing up interior space and enabling hands-free access.
    • Quick Deployment: Spring-loaded or telescoping designs allow drivers to grab and go without fumbling, minimizing time exposed to rain.
    • Fleet Uniformity: Providing identical umbrellas across all vehicles ensures consistency, simplifies replacement, and reinforces brand identity.
    • All-Weather Durability: Choose industrial-grade materials built to last through thousands of uses in harsh environments.
    Use Case Recommended Umbrella Type Key Features Storage Solution
    Daily Commuting Compact Auto-Open Lightweight, 42" canopy, non-slip handle Door pocket or center console
    Long-Distance Travel Windproof Reverse-Fold Vented canopy, fiberglass ribs, drip-free closure Trunk or rear seat storage
    Ride-Sharing / Taxis Large Canopy Auto-Open UPF 50+, wide coverage, quick release Mounted or seat-side organizer
    Commercial Fleets Magnetic-Mount or Suction-Cup Heavy-duty frame, hands-free access Exterior roof or door mount
    Special Events Extra-Large or Dual Canopy Suction cup base, 50"+ coverage Trunk or event kit storage

    Special Events or Situational Uses

    Attending formal occasions like weddings, outdoor concerts, or airport pickups often involves parking far from the entrance, sometimes in heavy rain. A car umbrella can be a lifesaver in these moments—protecting elegant attire, electronics, or gifts from getting ruined by rain.

    • Enhanced Canopy Size: Extra-large or dual-person umbrellas provide coverage for multiple individuals and bulky items.
    • Suction Cup Base: Allows the umbrella to be temporarily mounted on the car roof or window for hands-free protection while loading/unloading.
    • Elegant Design: For formal events, consider sleek black or neutral-toned umbrellas that match professional attire.
    • Portability: Even in special cases, ease of storage remains important—choose models that collapse into a compact form after use.

    Event Tip: Keep a premium umbrella in your trunk specifically for special occasions—it’s a small investment that can save an expensive outfit or memorable moment from being ruined by rain.

    Additional Considerations

    • Maintenance: Regularly clean and dry your umbrella to extend its lifespan and prevent unpleasant odors.
    • Spare Umbrella: Always keep a backup in your vehicle, especially if you frequently drive others or work in unpredictable climates.
    • Visibility: Choose umbrellas with reflective strips or bright colors for increased visibility in low-light rainy conditions.
    • Environmental Impact: Consider eco-friendly options made from recycled materials or brands offering repair/replacement programs.

    Ultimately, a well-chosen driver umbrella is more than a convenience—it's a smart addition to any vehicle that enhances comfort, protects personal belongings, and supports professionalism. By matching the umbrella type to your specific driving scenario, you ensure reliable performance whenever the skies open up.

    Frequently Asked Questions About Driver Umbrellas

    Q1: What is a driver umbrella?

    A driver umbrella—also known as a car entry/exit umbrella or automotive umbrella—is a specially engineered tool designed to protect drivers during entry and exit from their vehicles in adverse weather conditions. Unlike standard umbrellas, driver umbrellas are compact enough to store conveniently in a glove compartment, door pocket, or center console, yet they expand to provide full coverage over the driver’s upper body and shoulders.

    Many models feature ergonomic handles and quick-deploy mechanisms for one-handed use, making them ideal for use while holding keys or managing bags. Some advanced versions even come with magnetic or clip-on attachments that secure to the car frame, leaving the driver’s hands free while getting in or out of the vehicle. These umbrellas are especially useful in rainy, snowy, or intensely sunny conditions, helping to keep both the person and the vehicle’s interior dry and protected.

    Q2: Can a driver umbrella with car cover be used in heavy winds?

    Most standard driver umbrellas are built to handle light to moderate wind conditions, but they may struggle or invert in strong gusts. However, many modern driver umbrellas now incorporate wind-resistant technologies to improve durability and performance in challenging weather:

    • Inverted (Double Canopy) Design: Allows wind to pass through the top layer while maintaining structural integrity, reducing the chance of flipping inside out.
    • Reinforced Ribs: Made from flexible fiberglass or composite materials that bend without breaking under pressure.
    • Aerodynamic Shape: Streamlined profiles help deflect wind rather than catch it.
    • Vented Canopies: Small openings near the edges release air pressure buildup, preventing collapse.

    If you frequently encounter windy environments, look for models labeled as “storm-proof” or “wind-resistant.” While no umbrella is completely immune to hurricane-force winds, these features significantly increase reliability in breezy conditions.

    Q3: How do I maintain the driver’s umbrella?

    Proper maintenance is key to extending the lifespan and functionality of your driver umbrella. Since it's regularly exposed to moisture, UV rays, and mechanical stress, routine care ensures continued performance:

    • Dry Thoroughly After Use: Always allow the canopy to air-dry completely before folding and storing—especially after rain. Trapped moisture can lead to mold, mildew, and fabric degradation.
    • Clean Gently: Wipe down the canopy with a damp cloth and mild soap if dirty. Avoid machine washing or submerging the umbrella.
    • Inspect Regularly: Check for early signs of wear such as bent or cracked ribs, loose hinges, frayed fabric, or a weakened shaft. Address minor issues before they compromise performance.
    • Lubricate Moving Parts: Apply a small amount of silicone lubricant to the pivot points and slider mechanism every few months to ensure smooth opening and closing.
    • Store Properly: Keep the umbrella in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight when not in use to prevent UV damage and warping.

    With consistent care, a high-quality driver umbrella can last several years, providing reliable protection each time you enter or leave your vehicle.

    Q4: Can the driver’s umbrella be used for other purposes?

    Absolutely. While the primary function of a driver umbrella is to shield the driver during vehicle entry and exit, its utility extends beyond that single purpose:

    • Passenger Protection: Can be used to cover front or rear passengers, particularly helpful when assisting children, elderly individuals, or those with mobility challenges.
    • Interior Protection: Helps prevent water from dripping onto car seats, floor mats, or dashboards during rainy weather, reducing moisture buildup and potential interior damage.
    • Sunshade Function: Many driver umbrellas are made with UV-blocking fabric, offering protection from harmful sun rays during daytime use, reducing heat exposure and minimizing skin damage.
    • General Portable Shelter: Useful at bus stops, outdoor events, or while walking short distances in bad weather—its compact size makes it highly portable.
    • Emergency Use: Can serve as a temporary shelter or signaling device in roadside emergencies or breakdowns.

    Thanks to their compact design, durability, and multi-functional features, driver umbrellas are versatile tools that go beyond just automotive use, making them valuable additions to any emergency kit or daily carry items.